Lung capacity (Vo2max) reduced in senior African American women with low vitamin D – Feb 2014

Cardiorespiratory fitness in older adult women: relationships with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Endocrine. 2014 Feb 22.
Ellis AC, Alvarez JA, Gower BA, Hunter GR.
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, 405 Russell Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA, aellis at ches.ua.edu.

Previous studies suggest that circulating 25(OH)D may favorably influence cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation. However, these relationships have not been examined in older adult women of different ethnic groups. The objectives of this study were to determine whether serum 25(OH)D is related to cardiovascular fitness (VO2max) in sedentary women ages ≥60 years and to determine whether these associations differ between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA). A secondary aim was to determine whether serum 25(OH)D is correlated with respiratory quotient (RQ) during submaximal exercise.

This cross-sectional analysis included 67 AA and EA women ages 60-74 years. VO2max was measured by a modified Bruce graded treadmill protocol, and measurements were adjusted for percent fat and lean body mass assessed by air displacement plethysmography.

Indirect calorimetry was used to measure RQ at rest and during four submaximal exercise tests. Fasting blood samples were obtained to quantify serum 25(OH)D.

Serum 25(OH)D was associated with VO2max (ml/kg LBM/min) independent of percent body fat (r = 0.316, p = 0.010).

However, subgroup analysis revealed that this relationship was specific to AA (r = 0.727, p = 0.005 for AA; r = 0.064, p = 0.643 for EA).

In all subjects combined, 25(OH)D was inversely correlated (p < 0.01) with all measures of submaximal RQ. Higher serum 25(OH)D was associated with greater cardiorespiratory fitness in older adult AA women. Among both AA and EA, inverse associations between serum 25(OH)D and RQ suggest that women with higher levels of circulating vitamin D also demonstrated greater fat oxidation during submaximal exercise.

PMID: 24563162

References

1. H. Bischoff-Ferrari, H.B. Stähelin, P. Walter, Vitamin D effects on bone and muscle. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 81, 264–272 (2011) CrossRef
2. J. Morley, Vitamin D redux. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 10, 591–592 (2009) CrossRef
3. I. Al Mheid, R. Patel, J. Murrow et al., Vitamin D status is associated with arterial stiffness and vascular dysfunction in healthy humans. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 58, 186–192 (2011) CrossRef
4. F. Giallauria, Y. Milaneschi, T. Tanaka et al., Arterial stiffness and vitamin D levels: the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 3717–3723 (2012) CrossRef
5. L. Wang, Y. Song, J.E. Manson et al., Circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 5, 819–829 (2012) CrossRef
6. T.J. Wang, M.J. Pencina, S.L. Booth et al., Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 117, 503–511 (2008) CrossRef
7. R.K. Scragg, C.A. Camargo, R. Simpson, Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to heart rate and cardiac work (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys). Am. J. Cardiol. 105, 122–128 (2010) CrossRef
8. D.K. Houston, J.A. Tooze, C.C. Davis et al., Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical function in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 59, 1793–1801 (2011) CrossRef
9. D. Houston, M. Cesari, L. Ferrucci et al., Association between vitamin D status and physical performance: the InCHIANTI study. J. Gerontol. A 62, 440–446 (2007) CrossRef
10. D. Scott, L. Blizzard, J. Fell, C. Ding, T. Winzenberg, G. Jones, A prospective study of the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, sarcopenia progression, and physical activity in older adults. Clin. Endocrinol. 73, 581–587 (2010) CrossRef
11. M. Mowé, E. Haug, T. Bøhmer, Low serum calcidiol concentration in older adults with reduced muscular function. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 47, 220–226 (1999)
12. V. Noonan, E. Dean, Submaximal exercise testing: clinical application and interpretation. Phys. Ther. 80, 782–807 (2000)
13. A. Ardestani, B. Parker, S. Mathur et al., Relation of vitamin D level to maximal oxygen uptake in adults. Am. J. Cardiol. 107, 1246–1249 (2011) CrossRef
14. D.A. Mowry, M.M. Costello, K.A. Heelan, Association among cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat, and bone marker measurements in healthy young females. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 109, 534–539 (2009)
15. J. Valtueña, L. Gracia-Marco, I. Huybrechts et al., Cardiorespiratory fitness in males, and upper limbs muscular strength in females, are positively related with 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentrations in European adolescents: the HELENA study. QJM (2013). doi:10.1093/qjmed/hct089
16. T. Ogawa, R.J. Spina, W.H. Martin et al., Effects of aging, sex, and physical training on cardiovascular responses to exercise. Circulation 86, 494–503 (1992) CrossRef
17. S.F. Siconolfi, T.M. Lasater, S. McKinlay, P. Boggia, R.A. Carleton, Physical fitness and blood pressure: the role of age. Am. J. Epidemiol. 122, 452–457 (1985)
18. N.C. Wright, L. Chen, J. Niu et al., Defining physiologically “normal” vitamin D in African Americans. Osteoporos. Int. 23, 2283–2291 (2012) CrossRef
19. B.I. Freedman, T.C. Register, Effect of race and genetics on vitamin D metabolism, bone and vascular health. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 8, 459–466 (2012) CrossRef
20. C.Y. Wang, W.L. Haskell, S.W. Farrell et al., Cardiorespiratory fitness levels among US adults 20–49 years of age: findings from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol. 171, 426–435 (2010) CrossRef
21. R. Arena, D.Y. Fei, J.A. Arrowood, K.A. Kraft, Influence on aerobic fitness on aortic stiffness in apparently healthy Caucasian and African–American subjects. Int. J. Cardiol. 122, 202–206 (2007) CrossRef
22. J.M. Pivarnik, M.S. Bray, A.C. Hergenroeder, R.B. Hill, W.W. Wong, Ethnicity affects aerobic fitness in US adolescent girls. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27, 1635–1638 (1995) CrossRef
23. R. Scragg, M. Sowers, C. Bell, Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Hypertens. 20, 713–719 (2007) CrossRef
24. K. Fiscella, P. Winters, D. Tancredi, P. Franks, Racial disparity in blood pressure: is vitamin D a factor? J. Gen. Intern. Med. 27, 1105–1111 (2011) CrossRef
25. J.A. Alvarez, B.A. Gower, D.A. Calhoun et al., Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ethnic differences in arterial stiffness and endothelial function. J. Clin. Med. Res. 4, 197–205 (2012)
26. D.T. Villareal, C.M. Apovian, R.F. Kushner, S. Klein, Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82, 923–934 (2005)
27. L.A. Moreno, J. Valtueña, F. Pérez-López, M. González-Gross, Health effects related to low vitamin D concentrations: beyond bone metabolism. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 59, 22–27 (2011) CrossRef
28. D. Teegarden, K.M. White, R.M. Lyle et al., Calcium and dairy product modulation of lipid utilization and energy expenditure. Obesity 16, 1566–1572 (2008) CrossRef
29. W.C. Ping-Delfos, M. Soares, Diet induced thermogenesis, fat oxidation and food intake following sequential meals: influence of calcium and vitamin D. Clin. Nutr. 30, 376–383 (2011) CrossRef
30. M.J. Soares, L.L. Murhadi, A.V. Kurpad, W.L. Chan She Ping-Delfos, L.S. Piers, Mechanistic roles for calcium and vitamin D in the regulation of body weight. Obes. Rev. 13, 592–605 (2012) CrossRef
31. D.R. Shahar, D. Schwarzfuchs, D. Fraser et al., Dairy calcium intake, serum vitamin D, and successful weight loss. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 92, 1017–1022 (2010) CrossRef
32. R.A. Bruce, Methods of exercise testing. Step test, bicycle, treadmill, isometrics. Am. J. Cardiol. 33, 715–720 (1974) CrossRef
33. R.A. Fielding, W.R. Frontera, V.A. Hughes, E.C. Fisher, W.J. Evans, The reproducibility of the Bruce protocol exercise test for the determination of aerobic capacity in older women. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29, 1109–1113 (1997) CrossRef
34. C. Compher, D. Frankenfield, N. Keim, L. Roth-Yousey, Best practice methods to apply to measurement of resting metabolic rate in adults: a systematic review. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106, 881–903 (2006) CrossRef
35. D.A. Fields, G.R. Hunter, Monitoring body fat in the elderly: application of air-displacement plethysmography. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 7, 11–14 (2004) CrossRef
36. D.R. Wagner, V.H. Heyward, Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: a comparative review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71, 1392–1402 (2000)
37. J. Gasperino, Ethnic differences in body composition and their relation to health and disease in women. Ethn. Health 1, 337–347 (1996) CrossRef
38. K.A. Bybee, T.L. Stevens, Matters of the heart: cardiovascular disease in U.S. women. Mo. Med. 110, 65–70 (2013)
39. S.W. Farrell, B.L. Willis, Cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and serum 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in women: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. J. Womens Health 21, 80–86 (2012) CrossRef
40. W.G. Petchey, E.J. Howden, D.W. Johnson, C.M. Hawley, T. Marwick, N.M. Isbel, Cardiorespiratory fitness is independently associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in chronic kidney disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6, 512–518 (2011) CrossRef
41. T. Skaaby, L.L. Husemoen, C. Pisinger et al., Vitamin D status and incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a general population study. Endocrine 43, 618–625 (2013) CrossRef
42. M. Wacker, M.F. Holick, Vitamin D: effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients 5, 111–148 (2013) CrossRef
43. B. Hamilton, Vitamin D and human skeletal muscle. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 20, 182–190 (2010)
44. L. Ceglia, Vitamin D and its role in skeletal muscle. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 12, 628–633 (2009) CrossRef
45. L. Cianferotti, M.L. Brandi, Muscle–bone interactions: basic and clinical aspects. Endocrine (2013). doi:10.1007/s12020-013-0026-8
46. F.D. Shuler, M.K. Wingate, G.H. Moore, C. Giangarra, Sports health benefits of vitamin D. Sports Health 4, 496–501 (2012) CrossRef
47. W.B. Grant, A.N. Peiris, Possible role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in black–white health disparities in the United States. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 11, 617–628 (2010) CrossRef
48. T. Weishaar, J.M. Vergili, Vitamin D status is a biological determinant of health disparities. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 113, 643–651 (2013) CrossRef
49. S. Severi, M. Malavolti, N. Battistini, G. Bedogni, Some applications of indirect calorimetry to sports medicine. Acta Diabetol. 38, 23–26 (2001) CrossRef
50. E.E. Da Rocha, V.G. Alves, R.B. Da Fonseca, Indirect calorimetry: methodology, instruments and clinical application. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 9, 247–256 (2006) CrossRef
51. E.S. Leblanc, J.H. Rizzo, K.L. Pedula et al., Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and weight gain in elderly women. J. Womens Health 10, 1066–1073 (2012) CrossRef
52. K.E. Wong, F.L. Szeto, W. Zhang et al., Involvement of the vitamin D receptor in energy metabolism: regulation of uncoupling proteins. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 296, E820–E828 (2009) CrossRef
53. K.E. Wong, J. Kong, W. Zhang et al., Targeted expression of human vitamin D receptor in adipocytes decreases energy expenditure and induces obesity in mice. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 33804–33810 (2011) CrossRef

---

See also VitaminDWiki

• Search VitaminDWiki for "lung capacity" OR vo2max OR cardiorespiratory 60 items as of March 2014
• More lung capacity (bronchial asthma, FEV1) associated with higher vitamin D – July 2013
• Breathing category listing - with many associated links
• Overview Sports and vitamin D has the following summary

Athletes are helped by vitamin D by:

1. Faster reaction time
2. Far fewer colds/flus during the winter
3. Less sore/tired after a workout
4. Fewer micro-cracks and broken bones
5. Bones which do break heal much more quickly
6. Increased VO2 and exercise endurance Feb 2011
7. Indoor athletes especially need vitamin D
8. Professional indoor athletes are starting to take vitamin D and/or use UV beds
9. Olympic athletes have used UV/vitamin D since the 1930's
10. The biggest gain from the use of vitamin D is by those who exercise less than 2 hours per day.
11. Reduced muscle fatigue with 10,000 IU vitamin D daily
12. Muscle strength improved when vitamin D added: 3 Meta-analysis
13. Reduced Concussions
    See also: Sports and Vitamin D category 282 items

See also VitaminDWiki - items in both categories Dark Skin AND Sports

See also VitaminDWiki - items in both categories Dark Skin AND Breathing