Racial variation in vitamin D cord blood concentration in White and Black male neonates
Cancer Causes Control. 2013 January; 24(1): 91–98., PMCID: PMC3529856
Monika Eichholzer,1 Elizabeth A Platz,2 Jessica L. Bienstock,3 Deborah Monsegue,4 Folasade Akereyeni,5 Bruce W Hollis,6 Ronald Horst,7 Nader Rifai,8 Michael N. Pollak,9 Aline Barbir,1 Tanya Agurs-Collins,10 and Sabine Rohrmann1
Background: To evaluate racial variation in umbilical cord blood concentration of vitamin D and to explore its correlation with markers of the insulin-like growth factor axis (IGFs) and sex steroid hormones in white and black male neonates.
Methods: In 2004/2005 venous umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 75 black and 38 white male neonates, along with maternal and birth characteristics from two hospitals in Maryland, US. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), testosterone, estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassay and IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) by ELISA. Crude and multivariable-adjusted geometric mean concentrations were computed.
Results: Mean 25(OH)D levels were lower in black than in white neonates (11.44; 95% CI 10.10–12.95 ng/mL vs. 18.24; 95% CI 15.32–21.72 ng/mL; p<0.0001). Black neonates were at higher risk of suboptimal vitamin D levels [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] than whites (84% vs. 63%). 25(OH)D concentrations varied by season in whites but not in blacks and were significantly inversely correlated with mother’s parity (number of live births) in blacks but not in whites. Mean concentration of 1,25(OH)2D did not differ by race. 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D did not correlate with IGFs, sex steroid hormones and SHBG.
Conclusions: Suboptimal vitamin D levels were prevalent especially in blacks and influenced by mother’s parity and by season. The observed vitamin D differences between black and white neonates warrant further evaluation of the etiology of the disparity in chronic diseases in adulthood.
Summary by VitaminDWiki
- Blacks 11 nanogram, whites 18 nanogram
- Black levels did not vary with season (did the black mother’s level vary with season?)
- Black levels increases as the mothers had previous babies, whites did not
PDF is attached at the bottom of this page
See also VitaminDWiki
- Black women and vitamin D: Nigeria 26 ng, Chicago 12 ng – April 2013
- Dark skin pregnancies and Vitamin D - many studies which has the following chart
blacks are almost 4X more likely to have less than 20ng of vitamin D