4 Cardiovascular diseases are associated with little vitamin D getting to cells – May 2023

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Recent Advances in Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Cardiovascular Disorders

Current Hypertension Reports (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-023-01246-4
Pahel Agarwal, Yash Agarwal & Maha Hameed

Study sections

Purpose of Review
In this review, we discuss the evidence that vitamin D affects cardiovascular disease through interventional and observational studies and their corresponding association mechanisms. We also highlight the need for further research to definitively conclude clinical recommendations based on preliminary data and determine the extent to which vitamin D levels may impact the incidence and prognosis of major cardiovascular diseases in the future.

Recent Findings
Cardiovascular disease has long been recognized as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with many risk factors implicated in its pathogenesis. Vitamin D is a risk factor that, despite being known to be crucial for its role in maintaining bone health, also has several extra-skeletal effects due to vitamin D receptors in vascular smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes. Recent studies have documented a significant association between higher vitamin D levels and lower risk of each cardiovascular disease entity;

• 11 studies between serum vitamin D and heart failure,
• 7 studies between serum vitamin D and hypertension,
• 8 studies between serum vitamin D and coronary artery disease, and
• 5 studies between serum vitamin D and atrial fibrillation.

Summary
More studies documenting a significant association between increased serum vitamin D and cardiovascular disease are in the context of heart failure compared to hypertension, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation. Conversely, a significant association between increased serum vitamin D and a lower risk of atrial fibrillation is reported in fewer studies compared to the association of vitamin D with other cardiovascular disease entities. Although there is evidence documenting a clear significant association of vitamin D under each category, further research is still needed to definitively conclude the role of vitamin D in cardiovascular disease management.

Conclusion (from PDF)

Being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular disease risk factors such as vitamin D levels have much potential based on recent evidence through interventional and observational studies. A significant association, along with the mechanism of association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease entities, including heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation, has been documented in the literature. Although most studies have been reported in the context of vitamin D and heart failure, with literature even detailing the effect of vitamin D on the quality of life of heart failure patients and a predictor for risk of hospitalization, a definitive clinical recommendation has yet to be made. Indeed, a conclusive role of vitamin D in impacting overall cardiovascular disease remains to be established through future research.

 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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VutaminDWiki – Hypertension category contains

166 items in the category HYPERTENSION

see also
Overview Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D
Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
Overview Stroke and vitamin D
Incidence of 22 health problems related to vitamin D have doubled in a decade
Some interesting Hypertension studies

• Hypertension risk decreased 10X by increasing vitamin D levels to more than 40 ng – Nov 2017
• Hypertension risk reduced 4X if adequate level of Vitamin D – July 2024
• COVID-19 deaths 4 to 7 X more likely if Diabetic, Hypertensive, or CVD - meta-analysis March 2020
• Magnesium reduces hypertension - FDA allows claim - Jan 2022
• Drug-resistant hypertension 3.5 X more likely if low vitamin D – March 2020
• High Blood Pressure reduced by Vitamin D supplementation in seniors and obese – meta-analysis May 2019
• Blood pressure in diabetics reduced by 12 weekly doses of 50,000 IU vitamin D – RCT Jan 2014
• Hypertension is associated with low vitamin D in some groups – meta-analysis April 2015
• Off Topic – Hypertension in 42 percent of adults (new definition: 130 mm Hg) – Feb 2018
  • Men aged 40-59 59%, age >60 75%: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2018

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VitaminDWiki – Cardiovascular category contains

530 items In Cardiovascular category

Cardiovascular category is associated with other categories: Diabetes 31, Omega-3 31 , Vitamin K 25 , Intervention 22 . Mortality 20 , Skin - Dark 18 , Magnesium 17 , Calcium 14 , Hypertension 14 , Trauma and surgery 13 , Stroke 13 , Kidney 12 , Metabolic Syndrome 11 , Seniors 10 , Pregnancy 8 as of Aug 2022

• Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
• Cardiovascular Disease is treated by Vitamin D - many studies 39+ meta-analyses
• Coronary Artery Disease and Vitamin D - many studies 18+
• Cardiovascular problems reduced by Omega-3 - many studies 34+
• Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies 71+
• Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies 26+
• Statins and Vitamin D - many studies 25+
• Arterial Stiffness and Vitamins – only Vitamin D was found to help – meta-analysis Feb 2022
• Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
• Giving free vitamin D to every Iranian would pay for itself by just reducing CVD – Oct 2021
• Sudden Cardiac Arrest – 2.8 X higher risk if low vitamin D – 2019
• Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
• Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
• Cardiovascular disease 2.3 X more-likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2022

Cholesterol, Statins

• Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
• Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
• Statins and Vitamin D - many studies statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
• Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019

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22+ VitaminDWiki pages with AFIB or FIBRILATION in title

This list is automatically updated

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VitaminDWiki – Stroke category contains

131 items in stroke category - see also Overview Stroke and vitamin D,
Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D  Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D

Stroke more likely if low Vitamin D

• Stroke 74% less likely if high vitamin D (7,295 women 20-50 years old) – July 2017
• Stroke is 13.5 X more likely if low vitamin D and high blood pressure – March 2015
• Ischemic stroke 17 X more likely if low vitamin D – April 2017
• Stroke is strongly associated with Calcification of cerebral arteries (perhaps low Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Mg…) – March 2018
• Ischemic Stroke 3X more likely if Vitamin D Receptor gene change (Fok 1) – Jan 2014

Post-Stroke worse if low Vitamin D

• Poor Acute Ischemic Stroke 4X more likely if low Vitamin D - Nov 2023
• Stroke risks increased if low Vitamin D: Death 3.6 X, recurrence 5.5 X – Meta-analysis Nov 2019
• Stroke outcome at 3 months was 3X worse if bad stroke and low vitamin D – Jan 2020
• Death after Ischemic Stroke 2.5 X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D – May 2019
• Vascular dementia (after strokes) 32X more likely in Hypertensives with low vitamin D – Oct 2015
• Depression following a stroke is 2.7 X more likely if low vitamin D – Sept 2018
• Stroke incidence not associated with low Vitamin D (but stroke outcome is) – Aug 2019

Post-Stroke better if add Vitamin D

• Post-stroke Vitamin D supplementation helped in 11 ways – May 2023
• Improved recovery from ischemic stroke with Vitamin D (300,000 IU injection) – RCT June 2018
• Better outcome following Ischemic stroke if injected with 600,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Feb 2017
• Ischaemic stroke – Vitamin D doubled survival (Injection followed by monthly 60,000 IU) – RCT Aug 2016
• Stroke patients need more than 2,000 IU of vitamin D (found this time in Japan) – RCT June 2019

Post-Stroke better if Vitamin D actually gets to cells

• Resveratrol fights Parkinson, Alzheimers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular, ALS, Stroke, etc.– Nov 2018
• Stroke rehabilitation (and prevention) requires Vitamin D actually getting to cells – March 2020

11 studies in both categories of Depression and Stroke

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VitaminDWiki - 6 studies in both categories Cardiovascular and Vitamin D Receptor

This list is automatically updated