European Respiratory Monograph 59: COPD and Comorbidity
By Klaus F. Rabe, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha and Emiel F.M. Wouters
can per read via Google – 87 references
Chapter 7. Osteoporosis in COPD – 4 pages?
Elisabeth A.P.M. Romme*,
Frank W.J.M. Smeenk*,
Emiel F.M. Wouters# and
Erica P.A. Rutten
*Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, #Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, and
Program Development Centre, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ failure (CIRO+), Horn, The Netherlands.
Correspondence: E.A.P.M. Romme, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Email: lisette.romme at catharinaziekenhuis.nl
COPD is, in addition to progressive airflow obstruction, characterised by extrapulmonary manifestations that contribute to the disease severity in individual patients. Osteoporosis is recognised as one such extrapulmonary manifestation, since the prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in COPD patients than in control subjects matched for age and sex. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterised by low bone mineral density or micro-architectural deterioration, resulting in increased risk of fracture. The high prevalence of osteoporosis in COPD is probably due to common risk factors such as advanced age and smoking, and to COPD-specific risk factors such as systemic inflammation and the use of corticosteroids. Interventions against common risk factors, like smoking cessation, exercise and healthy diet, might reduce the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. In addition to these lifestyle guidelines, pharmacological treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplementation and antiresorptive treatment (e.g. bisphosphonates) have been indicated to prevent fractures in patients with osteoporosis.
See also VitaminDWiki
- COPD – Bone Metabolism – Osteoporosis – Vitamin D appear related – Mar 2011
- Diseases that may be related via low vitamin D
- COPD and vitamin D in a vicious circle – April 2011 i.e. vitamin D becomes lower and lower
- COPD patients 4X more likely to have low Vitamin D – 2 articles in 2012
- COPD related to vitamin D by a gene in China. - Aug 2010
- Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD
- Is vitamin D deficiency important in the natural history of COPD? - April 2011