7 errors made by Randomized Controlled Vitamin D Trials
| 1) Too small of a dose | as low as 400 IU in one study |
| 2) Too infrequent | dosing up to 8 weeks, should be less than 2 weeks |
| 3) Used D2 not D3 | D2 has a half-life of only a few days |
| 4) Too short of a trial period | as short as 4 weeks - It takes 8 to 30 weeks to be effective without a loading dose |
| 5) Any amount of vitamin D supplementation was allowed | including only 200 IU |
| 6) Assume that 30 ng level of vitamin D is enough - Which might be enough for bones | many health problems need 50 to 150 ng |
| 7) Assume that only vitamin D is needed | Omega-3, Magnesium. Vitamin K2, etc as well as exercise are often needed |
Effects of vitamin supplements on clinical cardiovascular outcomes: Time to move on! – A comprehensive review
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Volume 42, April 2021, Pages 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.014
Bahadir Simsek a, Atakan Selte a, Bugra Han Egeli b, Ufuk Çakatay c
Background & aims
Vitamin supplementations have increasingly been advertised on media and reported to be widely used by the general public to improve cardiovascular health. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people have become more interested in ways to improve and maintain their health. Increased awareness of people on healthy lifestyle is translating into inquisition regarding dietary supplements. Aim: First, focus on the most commonly used vitamin supplements and comprehensively review the evidence for and against recommending them to patients to improve and/or maintain cardiovascular health. Second, illustrate how the interest in studies shifted over time from Vitamin A, E, C, and B to Vitamin D and observational studies led to randomized controlled trials.
Methods
A thorough PubMed search with the phrase: “Vitamin supplements and cardiovascular health” was performed. In the present review, focus was maintained on the evidence for the use of vitamin supplements in the prevention of major cardiovascular events and/or the maintenance of cardiovascular health by comprehensively reviewing all previous studies indexed in PubMed. Studies with clinical ‘hard’ end-points were included only.
Results
A total of 87 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in the present article. High-quality evidence suggesting benefits for the use of vitamin supplements to maintain or improve cardiovascular health in people is minimal to non-existent.
Conclusions
Vitamin supplementation does not improve clinical cardiovascular outcomes in general population. Counseling on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle with adequate and nutritious food intake seems more appropriate to improve and maintain cardiovascular health.
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VitaminDWiki – Cardiovascular category contains
Cardiovascular category is associated with other categories: Diabetes 31, Omega-3 31 , Vitamin K 25 , Intervention 22 . Mortality 20 , Skin - Dark 18 , Magnesium 17 , Calcium 14 , Hypertension 14 , Trauma and surgery 13 , Stroke 13 , Kidney 12 , Metabolic Syndrome 11 , Seniors 10 , Pregnancy 8 as of Aug 2022
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Cardiovascular Disease is treated by Vitamin D - many studies 39+ meta-analyses
- Coronary Artery Disease and Vitamin D - many studies 18+
- Cardiovascular problems reduced by Omega-3 - many studies 34+
- Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies 71+
- Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies 26+
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies 25+
- Arterial Stiffness and Vitamins – only Vitamin D was found to help – meta-analysis Feb 2022
- Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
- Giving free vitamin D to every Iranian would pay for itself by just reducing CVD – Oct 2021
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest – 2.8 X higher risk if low vitamin D – 2019
- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Cardiovascular disease 2.3 X more-likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2022
Cholesterol, Statins
- Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
- Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
- Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019
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