Molecular Approaches for Optimizing Vitamin D (one size does not fit all) – Carlberg Nov 2015

Molecular Approaches for Optimizing Vitamin D Supplementation

Vitamins & Hormones, online 30 November 2015
Carsten Carlberg carsten.carlberg at uef.fi

VitaminDWiki quick-read comment on the study
Genes are responsible for much of the individual variation in response to vitamin D.
Author introduces a concept of a vitamin D Index which could be made based on before/after measurements of vitamin D levels along with before/after DNA analysis of 4 – 20 genes (to measure affect of Vitamin D intervention).
If a loading dose is used the vitamin D tests could be closely spaced (a few days to a week or so).
Quotes from the PDF

• VitDmet (NCT01479933 small study of mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) Carlberg et al., 2013
  “study subjects differed significantly by responding only to 29% to 83% of all. This allowed a segregation of the study subjects into high and low responders”
• VitDbol (NCT02063334 – 2,000 IU reported in Vukic et al., 2015
• “each human individual displays a personal response to vitamin D”
• “it is advisable to measure at least twice a person’s vitamin D status together with a number of molecular and clinical parameter”
• “The response to vitamin D supplementation varies considerably from individual to individual and depends on many factors, such as baseline level, adiposity, and genotype, i.e., a “one dose fits all” approach is not anymore appropriate”

What appears to be missing in the study

• No numbers from the study about how big the factors actually are
• No indication of influence of Vitamin D Receptor inside cells – which is not measured by ANY vitamin D test
• No mention of importance of cofactors (Magnesium, Omega-3, etc) on the vitamin D response
• No indication of response variation from alternate sources of vitamin D (topical, gut friendly, active vitamin D, etc)
• No indication of affects of genes not in the blood – e.g. prostrate, skin, breast, etc.

 Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via VitaminDWiki
Bibliography includes the following

• Carlberg, C. (2014a). Genome-wide (over)view on the actions of vitamin D. Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 167. - on VitaminDWiki
• Carlberg, C. (2014b). The physiology of vitamin D—Far more than calcium and bone. *Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 335.-
• Carlberg, C., & Campbell, M. J. (2013). Vitamin D receptor signaling mechanisms: Integrated actions of a well-defined transcription factor. Steroids, 78, 127–136.
• Carlberg, C., & Dunlop, T. W. (2006). An integrated biological approach to nuclear receptor signaling in physiological control and disease. Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 16, 1–22.
• Carlberg, C., & Molna ´r, F. (2012). Current status of vitamin D signaling and its therapeutic applications. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 528–547.
• Carlberg, C., Molna ´r, F., & Mourino, A. (2012). Vitamin D receptor ligands: The impact of crystal structures. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 22, 417–435.
• Carlberg, C., & Polly, P. (1998). Gene regulation by vitamin D3. Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 8, 19–42.
• Carlberg, C., & Raunio, H. (2014). From pharmacogenomics to integrated personalomics profiling: A gap in implementation into healthcare. Personalized Medicine, 11, 625–629.
• Carlberg, C., Seuter, S., de Mello, V. D., Schwab, U., Voutilainen, S., Pulkki, K., et al. (2013). Primary vitamin D target genes allow a categorization of possible benefits of vitamin D3 supplementation. PloS One, 8, e71042. on VitaminDWiki
• Vukic, M., Neme, A., Seuter, S., Saksa, N., de Mello, V. D., Nurmi, T., et al. (2015). Relevance of vitamin D receptor target genes for monitoring the vitamin D responsiveness of primary human cells. PloS One, 10, e0124339. on VitaminDWiki

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Some of Carlberg's later publications on VitaminDWiki

• Vitamin D Nutrigenomics - High, Medium, and Low Responders - March 2019
• Huge variation in response to vitamin D supplementation – personal vitamin D response index – Dec 2016
• Vitamin D effects on over 300 genes varies with genetics and levels – Dec 2020
• Vitamin D up and down regulates 1,000’s of genes via the Vitamin D Receptor – March 2022

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See also VitaminDWiki

• Vitamin D Receptor locations – Dec 2012 Carlberg, et.al.
• Genes are one of the reasons for low response to vitamin D – Nov 2014
• Genetics and Vitamin D category listing has 343 items along with related searches
• Response to 1000 IU of vitamin D varies by about 4 percent due to gene variants – RCT July 2014
• Gene differences can result in 14 ng difference in vitamin D levels– Feb 2014
• Common Vitamin D gene variants and resulting diseases – Jan 2013
• How to predict response to a vitamin D dose – RCT April 2014
• Toward predicting vitamin D levels without a blood test.
• Reasons for low response to vitamin D

Predict Vitamin D category has the following
It is very difficult to predict the response to supplementation of Vitamin D, or additional sun/UV
There are a huge number of factors involved.
 
This page also has studies predicting deficiency without Vitamin D tests

Examples of 82 studies that Predict Vitamin D levels

• Predicted Vitamin D levels for health young women had 95% accuracy using neural network (paywall) – July 2024
• Vitamin D deficiency predicted with 91% accuracy ( AI, age, paywall) - April 2024
• Predictors of low vitamin D: race, age, and BMI (confirmed now by Machine Learning) – Feb 2024
• Low Vitamin D screening with just 5 questions (for less than 12 ng) – June 2022
• Top 10 signs of Vitamin D Deficiency (9 minute Video) - Oct 2021
• Estimate Vitamin D levels based on questionnaires (12 studies) – July 2020
• Is a senior Vitamin D insufficient - a 2 minute questionnaire is 85 percent accurate – Nov 2019
• Simple Vitamin D deficiency scoring system – Feb 2016
• Toward predicting vitamin D levels without a blood test. by VitaminDWiki
• Excellent prediction of very low vitamin D in elderly from just 16 questions (analyzed by ML) – June 2017
• Quick, FREE, self-test for Vitamin D deficiency 90% chance <20 ng

click on chart for details