The Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Inadequacy among U.S. Older Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014.
Cureus. 2019 Aug 1;11(8):e5300. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5300.
Orces C1, Lorenzo C2, Guarneros JE3.
1 Rheumatology, Laredo Medical Center, Laredo, USA.
2 Rheumatology, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA.
3 Medicine, Universidad Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, MEX.
Deficiency of Vitamin D category starts with the following__
- Overview Deficiency of vitamin D
- Many reasons why vitamin D deficiency has become epidemic
- 23 of the 40 reasons are recent
- Many doctors continue to believe 2,000 IU of vitamin D is max (Hungary in this case)– Dec 2021
- 73 percent of US infants still do not even get 400 IU of Vitamin D - June 2020
- Vitamin D levels are dropping rapidly – what you need to do
- 4 Reasons why Vitamin D levels are crashing
- Update Reasons for Low Vitamin D and what to do with a concise table
- Air Pollution reduces Vitamin D production - many studies
- Vitamin D levels in 56 countries (many have less than 20 ng) – 2021
- Trends in vitamin D status around the world – Nov 2021
- Vitamin deficiency in US military – Vitamin D is the most prevalent and is growing rapidly – June 2021
- Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies 77 studies as of Feb 2024
- Low Vitamin D is worse for your health than smoking
- Many categories of people are at High Risk of low vitamin D -
67 studies - 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Diseases arising from depletion are cured by repletion - Hippocrates 400 BC
Women category starts with the following
- Vitamin D is indispensable for the health of women - editorial June 2022
- ALL of the top 10 health problems of women are associated with low vitamin D
- Overview Women and Vitamin D
- Pregnancy category listing has
922 items along with related searches - Vitamin D is needed before, during and after Pregnancy – May 2022
- Pretern Birth - 95 items as of Dec 2022
- Cancer - Breast category listing has
259 items along with related searches - Fertility and sperm category listing has
142 items along with related searches - Cancer - Ovarian category listing has
26 items along with related searches - Calcium and Vitamin D category listing has
227 items along with related searches - Excessive Calcium supplementation is very bad for the body, and not needed by your bones
- Search for HRT OR "hormone replacement therapy" 301 items as of Jan 2019
- Poor menstrual cycles 2X more likely if poor vitamin D levels - many studies
- Fertility problem (PCOS) reduced by vitamin D, etc: many studies
- Yeast Infection and Vitamin D - many studies
- Bacterial vaginosis reduced 10 times by 2,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT June 2015
- Recurrent urinary tract infection 4X more likely if low vitamin D – Aug 2013
- Endometriosis treated, and perhaps prevented, by vitamin D - many studies
- Infant-Child category listing has
854 items along with related searches
Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D contains the following summary
FACT - - People with dark skins have more health problems and higher mortality rate than those with light skins
Dark Skin studies: Pregnancy (
FACT - - People with dark skins have low levels of vitamin D
FACT - - People with light skins who have low vitamin D have health problems
OBSERVATION - - The health problems of whites with low level of vitamin D are similar to those with dark skins
CONCLUSION - - People with dark skins have more health problems due to low levels of vitamin D
African American Health Disparities are associated with low Vitamin D - Grant Feb 2021
Low Vitamin D increases health problems - independent of skin color
30 studies), Genetics ( 13 studies), Vitamin D Binding Protein ( 8 studies), Vitamin D Receptor ( 7 studies), Diabetes ( 24 studies), Cardiovascular ( 18 studies), Mortality ( 12 studies), Intervention ( 16 studies) Click here to see the studies
Blacks die more often than whites of many diseases (they have less vitamin D) – 2012 contains the following summary
Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans Cancer.org- “African Americans have the highest death rate and shortest survival of any racial and ethnic group in the US for most cancers”
- Has a huge number of tables and charts, Note: Vitamin D is not mentioned
Leading Causes of Death as of March 2018
All Ages Death rate Black White Ratio Heart diseases 217 171 1.27 Cancer 199 170 1.17 Cerebrovascular diseases 51 36 1.4 Diabetes 40 19 2.0 Rates per 100,000 Age adjusted Non-Hispanic
13 reasons why many seniors need more vitamin D (both dose and level) - July 2023 has the following
- Senior skin produces 4X less Vitamin D for the same sun intensity
- Seniors have fewer vitamin D receptor genes as they age
Receptors are needed to get Vitamin D in blood actually into the cells - Many other Vitamin D genes decrease with age
- Since many gene activations are not detected by a blood test,
more Vitamin D is often needed, especially by seniors - Seniors are indoors more than when they were younger
not as agile, weaker muscles; frail, no longer enjoy hot temperatures - Seniors wear more clothing outdoors than when younger
Seniors also are told to fear skin cancer & wrinkles - Seniors often take various drugs which end up reducing vitamin D
Some reductions are not detected by a vitamin D test of the blood
statins, chemotherapy, anti-depressants, blood pressure, beta-blockers, etc - Seniors often have one or more diseases that consume vitamin D
osteoporosis, diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, Cancer, ... - Seniors generally put on weight as they age - and a heavier body requires more vitamin D
- Seniors often (40%) have fatty livers – which do not process vitamin D as well
- Reduced stomach acid means less Magnesium is available to get vitamin D into the cells
- Vitamin D is not as bioavailable in senior intestines
- Seniors with poorly functioning kidneys do not process vitamin D as well
- Glutathione (which increases Vitamin D getting to cells) decreases with age
Seniors category has431 items
Overview Obesity and Vitamin D contains the following summary
- FACT: People who are obese have less vitamin D in their blood
- FACT: Obese need a higher dose of vitamin D to get to the same level of vit D
- FACT: When obese people lose weight the vitamin D level in their blood increases
- FACT: Adding Calcium, perhaps in the form of fortified milk, often reduces weight
- FACT: 168 trials for vitamin D intervention of obesity as of Dec 2021
- FACT: Less weight gain by senior women with > 30 ng of vitamin D
- FACT: Dieters lost additional 5 lbs if vitamin D supplementation got them above 32 ng - RCT
- FACT: Obese lost 3X more weight by adding $10 of Vitamin D
- FACT: Those with darker skins were more likely to be obese Sept 2014
- OBSERVATION: Low Vitamin D while pregnancy ==> more obese child and adult
- OBSERVATION: Many mammals had evolved to add fat and vitamin D in the autumn
- and lose both in the Spring - unfortunately humans have forgotten to lose the fat in the Spring
- SPECULATION: Low vitamin D might be one of the causes of obesity – several studies
- SUGGESTION: Probably need more than 4,000 IU to lose weight if very low on vitamin D due to
risk factors such as overweight, age, dark skin, live far from equator,shut-in, etc. - Obesity category has
442 items See also: Weight loss and Vitamin D - many studies Child Obesity and Vitamin D - many studies Obesity, Virus, and Vitamin D - many studies
Obese need more Vitamin D
- Normal weight Obese (50 ng = 125 nanomole)
- Normal weight Obese (50 ng = 125 nanomole)
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Background Older adults (i.e., adults aged ≥ 60 years) are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to younger adults as a result of inadequate dietary vitamin D intake and limited exposure to sunlight. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the prevalence of vitamin deficiency and inadequacy among U.S. adults aged ≥ 60 years and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on 25, hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and its metabolites concentrations. Methods The present analysis was based on data from 6,261 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2007/2008 through 2013/2014. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy was described according to demographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L; and vitamin D inadequacy was defined as < 50 nmol/L. Logistic regression models were assembled to examine the independent association of participants characteristics and the odds of having 25(OH)D inadequacy. Similarly, general linear models were used to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation doses on 25(OH)D and its metabolites concentrations.
Results The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and inadequacy was 4.0% (standard error (SE), 0.4) and 17.4% (SE, 0.8), respectively. In general, the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and inadequacy increased significantly among participants
- examined during the fall and winter months,
- women,
- non-Hispanic black patients,
- obese subjects,
- smokers,
- those physically inactive, and
- older adults with a daily vitamin D intake < 400 IU.
After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects
- examined during the fall and winter months,
- females,
- non-Hispanic blacks,
- obesity,
- having a sedentary lifestyle,
- smokers, and a
- total vitamin D intake < 400 IU/day
were variables significantly associated with increased odds of having vitamin D inadequacy. Notably, vitamin D supplement doses between 400 and 800 IU or > 800 IU/day were significantly correlated with higher 25(OH)D3 concentrations considered as sufficient.
Conclusion 25(OH)D inadequacy remains prevalent among U.S. older adults. Notably, optimal 25(OH)D3 concentrations were consistently seen among vitamin D supplement users. Despite this finding, nearly half of the participants did not take vitamin D supplements. Thus, vitamin D supplementation should be considered an effective strategy to maintain adequate 25(OH)D status among older adults.
Low vitamin D was again associated with winter, females, obesity, smoking, sedentary – Aug 201910590 visitors, last modified 04 Oct, 2019, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)