Little Vitamin D does not reduce risk of CVD – RCT meta-analysis Dec 2023

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Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 134 000 Individuals in 29 Randomized Clinical Trials and 157 000 Individuals in 30 Prospective Cohort Studies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta­analysis

Res Health Sci. 2023; 23(4):e00594. doi:10.34172/jrhs.2023.129
Mohammad Aziz Rasouli (MSc)1,2|S, Shahram Darvishzadehdaledari (MSc)3, Zeynab Alizadeh (Ph. D)4, Ghobad Moradi (MD, Ph. D)1,2, Fatemeh Gholami (Ph. D)2,4* , Ako Mahmoudian (MD)5 department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO 10 DD, United Kingdom department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5 Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Only 1 RCT used more than 3,300 IU of Vitamin D3 daily

Background: According to the findings from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are still contradictory results. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplements on CVDs considering cohort studies and clinical trials.

Study Design: A systematic review.

Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed by two reviewers independently until 2022. The study effect is risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) according to Mantel Haenszel's random-effects model. Then, Stata version 14 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: In clinical trial studies, the incidence of CVDs among the vitamin D-consuming group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95-1.03; P = 0.77; I2 = 0%). CVD mortality was also not significantly different between the two groups (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90-1.05; P = 0.72; I2 = 0%). In cohort studies, circulating 25 (OH) D increased the risk of CVD incidence by 31% (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19-1.45) and CVD mortality by 37% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61).

Conclusion: According to current evidence from clinical trials, vitamin D supplementation should not be recommended for CVD prevention. However, there is a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of CVDs as well as its mortality. According to the results of clinical trial studies carrying higher levels of scientific evidence, it can be concluded that vitamin D supplementation does not exert a significant effect on the incidence, mortality, and reduction of CVDs.
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VitaminDWiki – Cardiovascular category contains:

530 items In Cardiovascular category

Cardiovascular category is associated with other categories: Diabetes 31, Omega-3 31 , Vitamin K 25 , Intervention 22 . Mortality 20 , Skin - Dark 18 , Magnesium 17 , Calcium 14 , Hypertension 14 , Trauma and surgery 13 , Stroke 13 , Kidney 12 , Metabolic Syndrome 11 , Seniors 10 , Pregnancy 8 as of Aug 2022

• Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
• Cardiovascular Disease is treated by Vitamin D - many studies 39+ meta-analyses
• Coronary Artery Disease and Vitamin D - many studies 18+
• Cardiovascular problems reduced by Omega-3 - many studies 34+
• Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies 71+
• Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies 26+
• Statins and Vitamin D - many studies 25+
• Arterial Stiffness and Vitamins – only Vitamin D was found to help – meta-analysis Feb 2022
• Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
• Giving free vitamin D to every Iranian would pay for itself by just reducing CVD – Oct 2021
• Sudden Cardiac Arrest – 2.8 X higher risk if low vitamin D – 2019
• Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
• Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
• Cardiovascular disease 2.3 X more-likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2022

Cholesterol, Statins

• Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
• Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
• Statins and Vitamin D - many studies statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
• Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019