.Allergology Internationa DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2018.12.003
Teruaki Matsui Teruaki Matsui Teruaki Matsui, Kajiyo Tanaka, Hirotaka Yamashita, Ken-ichi Saneyasu, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yoshihiro Takasato, Shiro Sugiura, Naoki Inagaki, Komei Ito
Allergy - Overview - both food and respiratory, which has
- Food Allergy 5X more likely if low vitamin D – Oct 2014
- 10X more likely to have multiple food allergies if low vitamin D - Sept 2013
- Vitamin D levels and food and environmental allergies in the United States - May 2011
- Food allergies are associated with both Vitamin D and Vitamin D genes - 2018
Food Allergy
- Food allergies and low vitamin D – thymus may be the connection – June 2016
- Low vitamin D at birth associated with later milk sensitization, allergic rhinitis and asthma – Nov 2014
- Vitamin D less than 15 ng associated with some allergies – Feb 2011
- Food allergy 12X more likely if low vitamin D and vitamin D binding gene problem – Aug 2015
Hypothesis: Low vitamin D as a fetus then lots of vitamin D as an infant confuses the body - Less sun (less vitamin D) more anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) – June 2014
- Vitamin D and allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, autoimmune, etc – slides May 2017
- Severe allergy (Anaphylaxis) is increasing and is associated with low vitamin D – Sept 2015
Items in both categories Autoimmune and Infant/Child are listed here:
- Perhaps getting Vitamin D as infant decreases risk of Autoimmune Diseases as adult
- Breastfeeding a child without adding vitamin D increases risk of many food allergies (egg whites in this case) – Jan 2020
- Antibiotics increased the risk of asthma by 47%, and allergies by 25% - Dec 2019
- Low vitamin D newborns getting cows milk formula more likely to get allergies – RCT Oct 2019
- Childhood allergies (Atopy) 4.8 X more likely if low vitamin D in early pregnancy – Aug 2019
- Kawasaki disease (strawberry tongue) not treated by occasional 400 IU of Vitamin D – Feb 2019
- Food allergy is linked to season of birth, sun exposure, and vitamin D deficiency – Jan 2019
- Childhood Food Allergies (UK 1 in 14) – huge recent increase (low vitamin D) - Dec 2018
- Food allergies are associated with Vitamin D thru genes, etc. – March 2018
- Food allergies in children may be due to earlier low Vitamin D, Omega-3 and Zinc – Aug 2017
- T1 Diabetes associated with many other autoimmune diseases (all related to low vitamin D) – May 2017
- Infant allergy to cow’s milk will go away if have high levels of vitamin D – Jan 2017
- Food allergies and low vitamin D – thymus may be the connection – June 2016
- Food allergies 6 times higher in South Australia - 2009
- Hypothesis – Australia has highest rate of food allergy due to avoiding the sun – Sept 2015
- Food allergy 12X more likely if low vitamin D and vitamin D binding gene problem – Aug 2015
- Too much vitamin D: 1 pcnt increase in infants with food allergy, too little: 500 pcnt increase in children with food allergy - Aug 2015
- Kawasaki disease (strawberry tongue) associated with very low vitamin D – May 2015
- Less sun (less vitamin D) more anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) – June 2014
- Low vitamin D at birth associated with later milk sensitization, allergic rhinitis and asthma – Nov 2014
- Pink eye (seasonal allergic conjunctivitis) associated with low vitamin D and high vitamin E – March 2014
- 11X more non-immigrant children allergic to peanuts if vitamin D less than 20 ng – Feb 2013
- 30 to 40 ng of vitamin D associated with the least peanut allergy – Nov 2012
- High level of maternal vitamin D and infant food allergy – controversy
- Youths with autoimmunity disorders were 2.3 X more likely to be vitamin D deficient – July 2012
- Still unsure of association between vitamin D and asthma and allergies – review April 2012
- Allergy - Overview
- 3X more allergy to peanuts if child born with low UV – Feb 2011
- More childhood allergies when vitamin D is less than 15 ng – Feb 2011
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Hypothesis
Article Outline
Introduction
Risk factors associated with allergic sensitization and FA
The potential link between vitamin D deficiency and FA
Season of birth and immune cells
Mast cells
Regulatory T cells
B cells
Dendritic cells
Intestinal mucosal immunity
Animal studies of vitamin D deficiency and allergies
Vitamin D deficiency and sensitization in clinical situations
Vitamin D deficiency and FA in clinical cases
Vitamin D supplementation and FA
Possible factors explaining the discrepancy in the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and FA
The definition of vitamin D deficiency
Excessive vitamin D
Race
Epigenetics
Season of birth and AD
Vitamin D is dispensable for UVB-induced immunosuppression
Discussion and conclusion
The season of birth and ultraviolet B exposure have been related to the occurrence of food allergy. The levels of vitamin D produced from skin by ultraviolet B exposure might reflect this relationship. Vitamin D is known to induce antimicrobial peptides, protect intestinal flora, enhance the gut epithelial barrier, suppress mast cell activation and IgE synthesis from B cells, and increase the number of tolerogenic dendritic cells and IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to exacerbate sensitization and allergic symptoms in a murine model of food allergy. However, in clinical situations, contradictory observations have been reported regarding the relationship between food allergy and vitamin D deficiency/supplementation. In this review, we have explored the links between food allergy and vitamin D levels.
One explanation for the discrepant findings is confounding factors such as race, age, residency, skin color, and epigenetic changes that contribute to vitamin D levels.
In addition, the season of birth influences the development of atopic dermatitis, which could lead to food sensitization.
Finally, ultraviolet radiation could lead to regulatory T cell expansion and immunosuppression, irrespective of vitamin D status.
Based on our current understanding, we believe that correction of vitamin D deficiency by supplementation, appropriate skin care, and sufficient ultraviolet radiation exposure could alter the prognosis of food allergy. To identify potential treatment strategies for food allergy, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the appropriate levels of vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation exposure.