Food allergy is linked to season of birth, sun exposure, and vitamin D deficiency

Created January 2019

.Allergology Internationa DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2018.12.003

Teruaki Matsui Teruaki Matsui Teruaki Matsui, Kajiyo Tanaka, Hirotaka Yamashita, Ken-ichi Saneyasu, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yoshihiro Takasato, Shiro Sugiura, Naoki Inagaki, Komei Ito

1. Allergy - Overview - both food and respiratory, which has * Food Allergy 5X more likely if low vitamin D – Oct 2014 * 10X more likely to have multiple food allergies if low vitamin D - Sept 2013 * Vitamin D levels and food and environmental allergies in the United States - May 2011 * Food allergies are associated with both Vitamin D and Vitamin D genes - 2018 Food Allergy * Food allergies and low vitamin D – thymus may be the connection – June 2016 * Low vitamin D at birth associated with later milk sensitization, allergic rhinitis and asthma – Nov 2014 * Vitamin D less than 15 ng associated with some allergies – Feb 2011 * Food allergy 12X more likely if low vitamin D and vitamin D binding gene problem – Aug 2015 * Hypothesis: Low vitamin D as a fetus then lots of vitamin D as an infant confuses the body * Less sun (less vitamin D) more anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) – June 2014 * Vitamin D and allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, autoimmune, etc – slides May 2017 * Severe allergy (Anaphylaxis) is increasing and is associated with low vitamin D – Sept 2015 --- 1. Items in both categories Autoimmune and Infant/Child are listed here: {category}

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Hypothesis

Article Outline

Introduction

Risk factors associated with allergic sensitization and FA

The potential link between vitamin D deficiency and FA

Season of birth and immune cells

Mast cells

Regulatory T cells

B cells

Dendritic cells

Intestinal mucosal immunity

Animal studies of vitamin D deficiency and allergies

Vitamin D deficiency and sensitization in clinical situations

Vitamin D deficiency and FA in clinical cases

Vitamin D supplementation and FA

Possible factors explaining the discrepancy in the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and FA

The definition of vitamin D deficiency

Excessive vitamin D

Race

Epigenetics

Season of birth and AD

Vitamin D is dispensable for UVB-induced immunosuppression

Discussion and conclusion

The season of birth and ultraviolet B exposure have been related to the occurrence of food allergy. The levels of vitamin D produced from skin by ultraviolet B exposure might reflect this relationship. Vitamin D is known to induce antimicrobial peptides, protect intestinal flora, enhance the gut epithelial barrier, suppress mast cell activation and IgE synthesis from B cells, and increase the number of tolerogenic dendritic cells and IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to exacerbate sensitization and allergic symptoms in a murine model of food allergy. However, in clinical situations, contradictory observations have been reported regarding the relationship between food allergy and vitamin D deficiency/supplementation. In this review, we have explored the links between food allergy and vitamin D levels.

One explanation for the discrepant findings is confounding factors such as race, age, residency, skin color, and epigenetic changes that contribute to vitamin D levels.

In addition, the season of birth influences the development of atopic dermatitis, which could lead to food sensitization.

Finally, ultraviolet radiation could lead to regulatory T cell expansion and immunosuppression, irrespective of vitamin D status.

Based on our current understanding, we believe that correction of vitamin D deficiency by supplementatio n, appropriate skin care, and sufficient ultraviolet radiation exposure could alter the prognosis of food allergy. To identify potential treatment strategies for food allergy, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the appropriate levels of vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation exposure.

Tags: Autoimmune Infant-Child