Meta-regression of 29 studies of children 0-4 years old
Study does not notice that
4 year old needs about 4X more than newborn
Obese need about 2X more
Children who were preemies need about 2X more
- The relationship between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in young children: a meta-regression to inform WHO/FAO vitamin D intake recommendations
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10 studies in both categories Infant-Child and How Much - VitaminDWiki -
46 studies in both categories Infant-Child and Deficiency - VitaminDWiki – Predict Vitamin D category contains:
- VitaminDWiki – Recommend 100 IU of vitamin D per kg of infant - Poland July 2011 - charts
- VitaminDWiki - How you might double your response to vitamin D
- VitaminDWiki - Overview Vitamin D Dose-Response
- VitaminDWiki - Increased Vitamin D response if take cofactors, etc
- VitaminDWiki - Consensus Vitamin D
- VitaminDWiki - 24 Vitamin D global guidelines for children, huge diversity – Sept 2022
The relationship between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in young children: a meta-regression to inform WHO/FAO vitamin D intake recommendations
Journal of Nutrition https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.031
Magali RIOS-LEYVRAZ, Laura Martino, Kevin D. CASHMAN
Background
This work was commissioned by the WHO and FAO to inform their update of the vitamin D requirements for children below 4 years old.Objective
The objective of this work was to undertake multi-level and multivariable dose-response modelling of serum 25OHD to total vitamin D intake in children below 4 years of age and to derive updated vitamin D requirements for young children.Methods
Systematically identified randomized controlled trials among healthy children from 2 weeks up to 3.9 years of age provided with daily vitamin D supplements or vitamin D-fortified foods were included. Linear and non-linear random effects multi-level meta-regression models with and without covariates were fitted and compared. Inter-individual variability was included by simulating the individual serum 25OHD responses. The percentage of individuals reaching set minimal and maximal serum 25OHD thresholds were calculated and used to derive vitamin D requirements.Results
A total of 31 trials with 186 data points, from North America, Europe, Asia and Australasia/Oceania, with latitudes ranging from 38°S to 61°N, and with participants of likely mostly light or medium skin pigmentation, were included; in 29 studies the children received vitamin D supplements and in two studies the children received vitamin D fortified milks with or without supplements. The dose-response relationship between vitamin D intake and serum 25OHD was best fitted with the unadjusted quadratic model; adding additional covariates, such as age, did not significantly improve the model. At a vitamin D intake of 10 μg/d, 97.3% of the individuals were predicted to achieve a minimal serum 25OHD threshold of 28 nmol/L. At a vitamin D intake of 35 μg/d, 1.4% of the individuals predicted to reach a maximal serum 25OHD threshold of 200 nmol/L.Conclusions
In conclusion, this paper details the methodological steps taken to derive vitamin D requirements in children below 4 years of age, including the addition of an inter-individual variability component.
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10 studies in both categories Infant-Child and How Much This list is automatically updated
- 2400 IU Vitamin D daily to get 90% of children above 30 ng, etc. – Cashman April 2024
- All preteen aged girls in India taking 2,000 IU of vitamin D got levels above 20 ng – RCT Nov 2018
- Less than half of health providers recommend 600 to 1000 IU of vitamin D (age 1-18) – May 2018
- Children getting 60,000 IU monthly got to vitamin D level of 33 ng – Sept 2015
- Vitamin D deficiency for children’s bones is 14ng, based on PTH analysis – Sept 2013
- Took 4 months of 400 IU vitamin D for Iranian infants to get serum level of 30 ng – June 2013
- Vitamin D DRI for children lowered to 200 IU in Korea – Jan 2013
- Dosing error gave 12000 IU daily vitamin D to infant, but no indication of any problem – April 2012
- Intervention of 400 IU of vitamin D raised infant blood levels 14 ng – Jan 2012
- Recommend 100 IU of vitamin D per kg of infant - Poland July 2011
VitaminDWiki -
46 studies in both categories Infant-Child and Deficiency This list is automatically updated
- Only 3.4% of Portuguese children get vitamin D supplements (good dose taken weekly costs only 50 cents) – May 2024
- Nutrient consumption – only 7% of recommended DRV of Vitamin D (German Children in this case) – Jan 2024
- Vitamin D recommended for infants by 98% of Belgian pediatricians - 2024
- Respiratory infection, children and Vitamin D - many studies
- Depressed infants have very low Vitamin D (7.5 ng) – June 2023
- 94 percent of children with Chronic Neurological Diseases had low vitamin D – April 2023
- Vitamin D Deficiency in children in SE Asia – Oct 2022
- 24 Vitamin D global guidelines for children, huge diversity – Sept 2022
- Half of infants had less than 20 ng of Vitamin D with 800 IU (need more) – RCT Sept 2022
- Poor children were 2X more-likely to be vitamin D deficient (Ireland) – July 2022
- Vitamin D levels in new borns are so low that they are considering supplementing to prevent Rickets (Japan) – July 2022
- Newly diagnosed Children with Cancer have low vitamin D, especially if black - May 2022
- Arctic school children in Russia: only 1 in 11 has more than 30 ng of Vitamin D – April 2022
- Majority of South Asian children and youths have low vitamin D (85 pcnt of neonates) – March 2022
- Half of Mongolian schoolchildren have less than 10 ng of vitamin D – Nov 2021
- 93 percent of US children had less than 40 ng of vitamin D a decade ago – Oct 2021
- 73 percent of US infants still do not even get 400 IU of Vitamin D - June 2020
- Recurrent Wheezing in children is associated with low Vitamin D – several studies
- Children with low Vitamin D slept 1 hour less, had 1 hour later bedtimes – July 2020
- Respiratory viral infection (RSV) and low vitamin D - many studies
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants reduced 5.9 X by daily 600 IU of vitamin D (China) - March 2020
- Germany raised Vitamin D RDA to 800 IU - helped infants, but not children (who need even more) – June 2019
- Turkey needs to give Vitamin D to children too (infants get D for free) – June 2019
- Preemies still have low vitamin D at age 6 – Oct 2019
- Children in Mongolia helped by 800 IU of Vitamin D (need a lot more) – RCT Oct 2019
- Teeth from 19th century London indicate that most children were Vitamin D Deficient - Oct 2019
- Obesity 3X more likely in US children having low vitamin D – July 2019
- Allergic Rhinitis in infants treated by 1,000 IU vitamin D daily – June 2019
- Vitamin D levels have been crashing since 1995 (Polish Children, Elite Military, etc)
- Child exposed to smoke is 1.5 X more likely to have low vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Children need vitamin D - good global overview, poor recommendations for Italian children - May 2018
- Reasons for children having low vitamin D (proposed by 10 societies) - May 2018
- Both parents smoke – child’s vitamin D level was 30 percent lower and worse asthma – May 2018
- Vitamin D needed to get children to just 20 ng in winter 800 IU white skin, 1100 IU dark (Sweden) – RCT June 2017
- Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric critical illness: Time to move on from observational studies – Nov 2016
- Many US kids have less than 40 ng of Vitamin D – 99 out of 100 blacks, 91 out of 100 whites – Jan 2017
- Children in Intensive Care need Vitamin D loading dose of 10000 IU per kg (nearing a consensus) - Oct 2016
- 3X increase in UK children who are vitamin D deficient in just 5 years – Nov 2015
- 3X more kids were vitamin D deficient when entering UK hospitals than 4 years before – Oct 2014
- 93% of newborns of military in Hawaii had low vitamin D – March 2013
- Giving vitamin D to ALL children reduced (rickets) symptoms by 60 percent – Aug 2012
- 83 percent of children had less than 20 ng of vitamin D – 15 ng avg for hispanic – Aug 2012
- Death of Babies in UK due to vitamin D deficiency – Jan 2012
- Low D in developing countries – less than 5 ng in some children in China – Oct 2010
- Very short children were very low on vitamin D and Calcium – Aug 2010
- Obama task force told that childhood Obesity linked to Vitamin D Deficiency – Aug 2010
VitaminDWiki – Predict Vitamin D category contains:
It is very difficult to predict the response to supplementation of Vitamin D, or additional sun/UV
Examples of
There are a huge number of factors involved.
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VitaminDWiki – Recommend 100 IU of vitamin D per kg of infant - Poland July 2011 - charts
VitaminDWiki - How you might double your response to vitamin D
VitaminDWiki - Overview Vitamin D Dose-Response
VitaminDWiki - Increased Vitamin D response if take cofactors, etc
VitaminDWiki - Consensus Vitamin D
VitaminDWiki - 24 Vitamin D global guidelines for children, huge diversity – Sept 2022
2400 IU Vitamin D daily to get 90% of children above 30 ng, etc. – Cashman April 2024Printer Friendly Follow this page for updates1390 visitors, last modified 30 Apr, 2024, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
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