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16% of exclusively breastfed infants so low on vitamin D that they had rickets – June 2010

Vitamin D Status of term exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers from India.

Acta Paediatr. 2010 Jun 7.
Agarwal N, Faridi MM, Aggarwal A, Singh O.
Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Objectives: (i)To measure 25-OH vitamin D levels in term infants at 10 weeks and 6 months and to correlate with maternal vitamin D levels at 10 weeks postpartum (ii)To evaluate infants at 6 months for rickets.

Patients and Methods: 179 exclusively breastfed infant-mother pairs 96 appropriate-for-gestational age (Group1) and 83 small- for- gestational age infants (Group 2) recruited at 10 weeks. At 6 months 52 in group 1and 45 in group 2 were evaluated. Venous blood sample were collected at 10 weeks and 6 months in infants and at 10weeks in mothers for calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25-OH vitamin D estimation.

Results: Mean 25-OH vitamin D levels of infants (n=97) were 11.55+/-7.17ng/ml at 10 weeks and 16.96+/-13.33ng/ml at 6 months (p<0.001). Mean vitamin D levels of infants in group 1 and group 2 did not differ at recruitment and 6 months (P>0.05)). Maternal vitamin D levels in group 1 and group 2 were 8.89+/- 5.97 and 9.87+/- 6.44 ng/ml respectively (P=0.44). Significant correlation was observed between 25-OH vitamin D of infants and mothers (P<0.05). At 10 weeks 55.67% infants, 70% mothers and at 6 months 44.33% infants had vitamin D <11ng/ml. At 6 months 16.49% infants developed rickets.

Conclusions: Exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers are Vit D deficient, hence the need to improve vitamin D status .

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16% of exclusively breastfed infants so low on vitamin D that they had rickets – June 2010

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- Overview of Rickets and Vitamin D Breast milk rarely now has even 20 percent of needed vitamin D – even in sunny climates – Nov 2017 Rickets in Norway – 93 percent had darker skin (lower vitamin D) – May 2017 Child abuse, vitamin D deficiency, or what - for parents and defense attorneys - Cannell June 2015 Breastfed without vitamin D supplements – a problem for NZ infants Jan 2013 Infants again said to need more than 400 IU of vitamin D – Sept 2012 Only about 10 percent of breastfed infants get even the minimum recommended vitamin D – April 2010 6000 IU may be needed to get vitamin D in breast milk – systematic review March 2013

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