- Summary
- Statistics for African-American vs white births in the US:
- VitaminDWiki – Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D contains:
- VitaminDWiki -
29 studies in both categories Dark Skin and Pregnancies - VitaminDWiki -
7 studies in both categories Dark Skin and Hypertension - VitaminDWiki – Hypertension category contains:
- Chart shows that blacks are almost 4X more likely to have less than 20ng of vitamin D
- Left curve = blacks indoors (15 ng) /// Right curve = blacks outdoors (46ng)
- On the web
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Summary
FACT: Avoiding the sun reduces your vitamin D intake
FACT: Can avoid the sun by use of sunscreen, not going outdoors, etc.
FACT: African Americans have very low levels of vitamin D (natural sun screen)
FACT: There is an increased need for vitamin D during pregnancy and breast feeding
– Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency is Common during Pregnancy – Jan 2011
Statistics for African-American vs white births in the US:
- 2X more likely to be premature
- 2X more likely for infant to die in first year – African-American medical risks has chart
- 4X higher maternal mortality rate
- 1.25X more cesarean delivery
- Suspect statistics worse if
live far from equator
have darker skin – Vitamin D blood levels vary with estimated amount of African Ancestry – Sept 2010
Obese
Fat captures vitamin D – leaving less in the bloodstream
Overweight sunbathe less - 2009
Wear clothing which restricts access to sun (Burka, etc)
VitaminDWiki – Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D contains:
FACT - - People with dark skins have more health problems and higher mortality rate than those with light skins
Dark Skin studies: Pregnancy (
FACT - - People with dark skins have low levels of vitamin D
FACT - - People with light skins who have low vitamin D have health problems
OBSERVATION - - The health problems of whites with low level of vitamin D are similar to those with dark skins
CONCLUSION - - People with dark skins have more health problems due to low levels of vitamin D
African American Health Disparities are associated with low Vitamin D - Grant Feb 2021
Low Vitamin D increases health problems - independent of skin color29 studies), Genetics ( 13 studies), Vitamin D Binding Protein ( 8 studies), Vitamin D Receptor ( 7 studies), Diabetes ( 24 studies), Cardiovascular ( 18 studies), Mortality ( 12 studies), Intervention ( 16 studies) Click here to see the studies
VitaminDWiki -
29 studies in both categories Dark Skin and Pregnancies This list is automatically updated
- Dark-skinned people have low vitamin D (Obese pregnant women in UK in this case) – Sept 2024
- Preterm Birth 2.7X more likely if low vitamin D (dark skin in this case) - Nov 2023
- Low vitamin D while pregnant – a health emergency (Indonesia in this case) – meta-analysis May 2023
- US maternal death rate increasing (low D not mentioned) - March 2023
- Vitamin D Status May Help Explain Maternal Race and Ethnic Factors in Primary Cesarean Section Delivery – April 2020
- Dark-skin plus low vitamin D in first trimester made preterm birth 2.9 X more likely – Dec 2019
- Low vitamin D in pregnancy linked to potentially harmful vaginal bacteria in black women - May 2019
- Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
- Depressed black pregnant women should take vitamin D – April 2018
- Bone loss during black pregnancies – 4000 IU of vitamin D was not enough – Dec 2017
- Preterm birth more likely if dark skinned and low vitamin D (not white-skinned) – April 2017
- Dark skin pregnancies 2.6 times more likely to have low vitamin D – March 2017
- Premature birth and infant mortality worse if dark skin (low vitamin D) - 2015
- Autism with intellectual disability 2.5 times more likely if low vitamin D during pregnancy – April 2016
- Ethnicity and low vitamin D levels during pregnancy – Jan 2016
- Metabolites of pregnant blacks vary with vitamin D level – Nov 2014
- Dark-skined mothers: preeclampsia 12X more likely if gestational hypertension – May 2014
- 78 percent of pregnant immigrants in Sweden had less than 10 ng low vitamin D – Nov 2013
- Depression in pregnant blacks strongly associated to vitamin D levels – Nov 2012
- Dr. Holick video on vitamin D - March 2013
- Dark skinned pregnant women far from equator were very vitamin D deficient – Sept 2012
- Pregnant blacks 50 pcnt more likely to be depressed if 3 ng less vitamin D – July 2012
- 80 percent of South Asian Women in UK had less than 10 ng of vitamin D in winter – April 2012
- Blacks have more pre-term births due to low nutrients such as vitamin D – Sept 2011
- Dark skin pregnancies and Vitamin D - many studies
- Vitamin D and fertility and birth problems with dark skin – Jan 2011
- Very low vitamin D for first pregnancies and those with dark skin – Jan 2011
- 97 percent of pregnant Blacks had less than 32 ng of vitamin D - 2010
- Pregnant women vitamin D insuficiency Black 97 Hispanic 81 White 67 percent – July 2010
VitaminDWiki -
7 studies in both categories Dark Skin and Hypertension This list is automatically updated
- Stroke 3 times more likely if dark skin woman has Hypertension before age 35 - Feb 2024
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Increased health problems in blacks is similar to that of low vitamin D whites (John Singleton Stroke)
- Hypertension is more likely in those with darker skins (low vitamin D) 2017
- Vitamin D different relationship between whites and blacks for bone and plaque – June 2012
- Vitamin D accounts for 25 percent of the racial differences in blood pressure – Oct 2011
- Hypothesis that lack of vitamin D increases blood pressure in blacks – July 2010
VitaminDWiki – Hypertension category contains:
165 items in the category HYPERTENSION see also
Overview Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D
Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
Overview Stroke and vitamin D
Incidence of 22 health problems related to vitamin D have doubled in a decade
Some interesting Hypertension studies- Hypertension risk decreased 10X by increasing vitamin D levels to more than 40 ng – Nov 2017
- Hypertension risk reduced 4X if adequate level of Vitamin D – July 2024
- COVID-19 deaths 4 to 7 X more likely if Diabetic, Hypertensive, or CVD - meta-analysis March 2020
- Magnesium reduces hypertension - FDA allows claim - Jan 2022
- Drug-resistant hypertension 3.5 X more likely if low vitamin D – March 2020
- High Blood Pressure reduced by Vitamin D supplementation in seniors and obese – meta-analysis May 2019
- Blood pressure in diabetics reduced by 12 weekly doses of 50,000 IU vitamin D – RCT Jan 2014
- Hypertension is associated with low vitamin D in some groups – meta-analysis April 2015
- Off Topic – Hypertension in 42 percent of adults (new definition: 130 mm Hg) – Feb 2018
- Men aged 40-59 59%, age >60 75%: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2018
Chart shows that blacks are almost 4X more likely to have less than 20ng of vitamin D
Left curve = blacks indoors (15 ng) /// Right curve = blacks outdoors (46ng)
On the web
- Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant minority women in Europe Vitamin D Council Aug 2016
Nice review with references for UK, Norway, Netherlands, and Sweden - Black Women Disproportionately Suffer Complications of Pregnancy and Childbirth. Let’s Talk About It ProPublica Dec 2017, "Black mothers are three to four times more likely to die than white mothers. "
Maternal Complications: Postpartum Hemorrhage - vitamin D,
Fibroids - Vitamin D
Preeclampsia - vitamin D Risk of preeclampsia might be cut in half if take an amount of Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2017
Uterine Rupture - vitamin D
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection,
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Vitamin D - Why America’s Black Mothers and Babies Are in a Life-or-Death Crisis NYT April 2018
Long article, Vitamin D not mentioned Download theNYT PDF from VitaminDWiki - NYT Oct 15, 2011: Tackling Infant Mortality Rates Among Blacks
- Black infant mortality is 2X that of whites in the US, and 5X that of whites in PITTSBURGH
- It is a big mystery. Vitamin D is not mentioned. It has the following graphic
- Maternal mortality - Exceptionally deadly Economist July 2015
Increase death rate suspected due to obesity, lack of access to medical care, higher rates of unexpected pregnancies
Yet they note that the descrepancy of maternal death rates was 2X 100 years ago and is now 4X
No mention of decrease in Vitamin D
- Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System CDC
2011-2014 pregnancy-related mortalities per 100,000 live births
3X higher for blacks (12.4 deaths for whites, 40.0 deaths for blacks)
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Dark skin pregnancies and Vitamin D - many studiesPrinter Friendly Follow this page for updates116602 visitors, last modified 17 Mar, 2024, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
ID Name Uploaded Size Downloads 9926 Colour of risk.jpg admin 06 Jun, 2018 13.45 Kb 1424 9784 NYT black pregnancy.pdf admin 30 Apr, 2018 279.86 Kb 1477 1149 CDC pregnant less than 20 ng.gif admin 15 Mar, 2012 10.90 Kb 5995 817 Racial disparity NYT.png admin 16 Oct, 2011 24.17 Kb 4547
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