Rate of vitamin D supplementation by Blacks increases 16X after getting Multiple Sclerosis
Vitamin D-Binding Protein Polymorphisms, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Sunshine and Multiple Sclerosis
Nutrients 2018,10,184; doi:10.3390/nu10020184
Annette Langer-Gould h*, Robyn M. Lucas , Anny H. Xiang , Jun Wu 3, Lie H. Chen 3,
Edlin Gonzales 3, Samantha Haraszti 3,4, Jessica B. Smith 3, Hong Quach and Lisa F. Barcellos 5
Los Angeles Medical Center, Neurology Department, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 1505 N Edgemont Street, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2000, Australia; robyn.lucas@anu.edu.au
Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S. Los Robles Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA; anny.h.xiang@kp.org (A.H.X.); jun.x.wu@kp.org (J.W.); lie.h.chen@kp.org (L.H.C.); edlin.g.gonzales@kp.org (E.G.); samanthaha@pcom.edu (S.H.); jessica.b.smith@kp.org (J.B.S.)
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4000 Presidential Blvd., Apt. 819, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 209 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; hquach@berkeley.ed (H.Q.); lbarcellos@berkeley.edu (L.F.B.)
Correspondence: annette.m.langer-gould@kp.org; Tel.: +1-(626)-564-3992; Fax: +1-(626)-564-3403
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Smaller increase in Vitamin D supplementation by Hispanics and Whites,
but all about 20% if have MS
Blacks have different dominant polymorphisms in the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene that result in higher bioavailable vitamin D than whites. This study tested whether the lack of association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk in blacks and Hispanics is due to differences in these common polymorphisms (rs7041, rs4588). We recruited incident MS cases and controls (blacks 116 cases/131 controls; Hispanics 183/197; whites 247/267) from Kaiser Permanente Southern California. AA is the dominant rs7041 genotype in blacks (70.0%) whereas C is the dominant allele in whites (79.0% AC/CC) and Hispanics (77.1%). Higher 25OHD levels were associated with a lower risk of MS in whites who carried at least one copy of the C allele but not AA carriers. No association was found in Hispanics or blacks regardless of genotype. Higher ultraviolet radiation exposure was associated with a lower risk of MS in blacks (OR = 0.06), Hispanics and whites who carried at least one copy of the C allele but not in others. Racial/ethnic variations in bioavailable vitamin D do not explain the lack of association between 25OHD and MS in blacks and Hispanics. These findings further challenge the biological plausibility of vitamin D deficiency as causal for MS.