Off topic: back muscle pain quickly treated by TENS
A few times a year a tiny portion of my back would seize up making movement and walking painful
In April 2022 I purchased a $32 TENS machine from Amazon
The next opportunity to use the TENS machine was in Jan 2023
Pain is almost entirely gone after ~ four 30-minute treatments in a single day
It has lots of options - but I only used the defaults on level 3 intensity out of 10
VitaminDWiki - Back Pain category contains
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TENS and backpain publications
THE EFFECTS OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS) USING DIFFERENT PARAMETERS AND SITE PLACEMENTS ON PERCEPTION OF PAIN IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS - 2022 dissertation. TENS appears to generate natural opiates - http://hdl.handle.net/10106/30280 FREE PDF
Using TENS for Pain Control: Update on the State of the Evidence - https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101332 - Sept 2022 - appears to help FREE PDF
Characterising the Features of 381 Clinical Studies Evaluating Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Pain Relief: A Secondary Analysis of the Meta-TENS Study to Improve Future Research - June 2022 https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060803 FREE PDF
Does TENS Reduce the Intensity of Acute and Chronic Pain? A Comprehensive Appraisal of the Characteristics and Outcomes of 169 Reviews and 49 Meta-Analyses - Oct 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101060
- "Therefore, we recommend that TENS should be considered as a treatment option."
In May 2023 the US FDA approved implant nerve stimulation to relieve chronic long-term backpain