3X reduction in preemie Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia if add tiny amount of Vitamin D – meta-analysis
Effects of Vitamin D and E Supplementation on Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in Premature Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Curr Pediatr Rev. 2024 Apr 15. doi: 10.2174/0115733963279420240402083916
Nazanin Farahbakhsh 1, Deepak Sharma 2, Somaye Fatahi 3, Mobina Fathi 4 5, Kimia Vakili 4 5, Niloofar Deravi 4 5, Zohreh Tutunchian 4 5, Elahe Ahsan 4 5, Shirin Yaghoobpoor 4 5, Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaii 1
Background: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) has a multifactorial etiology. Vitamin E and vitamin D play an important role in lung development and can potentially be beneficial in the prevention of BPD.
Objective: The study aimed to compare the risk of BPD occurrence in preterm neonates supplemented with vitamin D or E versus those who did not get supplementation.
Methods: The literature search was conducted for this systematic review by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 2022. Randomized controlled trials involved administering vitamin D or E to preterm neonates and examining the occurrence of BPD. We excluded non-English articles, and articles with non-relevant and insufficient data. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist to assess the quality of the included studies. We used Egger's test to evaluate the risk of bias among the included studies. Heterogeneity was also assessed through Q-test and I2. We applied the random effect model for analysis. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. All the statistical analysis in the current study was performed using STATA 14. The Relative Risk (RR) was calculated as the effect size with 95% Confidence Interval (CI).
Results: Three eligible studies seeking the role of vitamin D in the prevention of BPD were analysed. Meta-analysis revealed that receiving vitamin D supplementation can significantly reduce the risk of BPD in preterm infants (RR = 0.357, 95% CI: 0.189-0.675, I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.002). Similarly, for assessing the role of Vitamin E in the prevention of BPD, three eligible studies were analysed. Vitamin E supplementation was not found to play a significant role in the reduction of BPD (RR = 0.659, 95%CI = 0.243-1.786, I2 = 38.7%; p = 0.412).
Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial in preventing BPD in preterm infants. However, evidence is not enough regarding vitamin E's role in reducing the incidence of BPD in preterm infants.
VitaminDWiki -Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in a third of preemies, 87% reduced risk for just 1 ng higher Vitamin D level – Oct 2024
Notes by VitaminDWiki
Result from three trials that used 800 IU of vitamin D for 2 to 4 weeks (less than $1)
Preemies getting Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia cost an extra $200,000 in the first year of life
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia incidence rate in preemies ranges from 10% to 89%
Giving enough vitamin D during pregnancy cuts the rate of preterm births by at least 2X
The total societal economic burden of a preterm birth in the United States is around $51,600.
Preterm birth rate is ~10%
Cost savings of all births due to reduced preterm births would be $2,500 = ($50,000 X 10%)/2
Cost of 50,000 IU vitamin D given once every two weeks during all pregnancies <$4 (20 cents X 18)
Return on investment = 625 to 1 = $2,500 / 4
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