Glutathione and Vitamin D synergism - many studies

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5+ VitaminDWiki pages have GLUTATHIONE in the title

The list is automatically updated

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What is glutathione - Asked Perplexity AI June 2024

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant naturally produced in every cell of the human body.
Here are the key points about glutathione:

1. Composition: It is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids - cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid.
2. Production: Glutathione is synthesized primarily in the liver and is involved in many bodily processes.
3. Functions: Glutathione plays critical roles in:
   • Detoxification of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds
   • Tissue building and repair
   • Making chemicals and proteins needed in the body
   • Supporting immune system function
   • DNA synthesis
   • Neutralizing free radicals
   • Regenerating vitamins C and E
   • Facilitating mercury elimination from the brain
4. Antioxidant properties: As a potent antioxidant, glutathione helps protect cells from oxidative damage and maintains redox homeostasis.
5. Health implications: Low levels of glutathione have been associated with various health conditions,
   including liver disease, cancer, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
6. Supplementation: Glutathione levels can be boosted through oral or intravenous supplementation,
   or by taking precursors that stimulate the body's natural production.
7. Measurement: Assessing glutathione status in cells is important for understanding oxidative stress and redox signaling.
8. Age-related decline: Glutathione levels tend to decrease with age, which may contribute to various age-related health issues.

While glutathione shows promise in various health applications, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplementation regimen.
Click here for references, images, etc

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Describe the top antioxidants in order of importance - Asked Perplexity AI June 2024

Based on the search results and scientific understanding, here are the top antioxidants for the human body, listed in approximate order of importance:

1. Glutathione: Often called the "master antioxidant," glutathione is the most potent antioxidant produced by our bodies. It supports lung health, liver detoxification, immune function, and can reduce signs of aging skin.
2. Vitamin C: A powerful water-soluble antioxidant crucial for immune function. It can be found in fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits, berries, and red peppers.
3. Vitamin E: This fat-soluble antioxidant protects cell membranes and can be found in foods like nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils.
4. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Found in every cell of the body, CoQ10 protects cell membranes from free radical damage and is essential for energy production.
5. Selenium: This mineral is required for the production of important antioxidant enzymes in the body. Brazil nuts are an excellent source of selenium.
6. Carotenoids (including beta-carotene and lycopene): Found in orange and red fruits and vegetables, these antioxidants have been linked to various health benefits, including reduced risk of certain cancers.
7. Flavonoids: These plant compounds are found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and beverages like tea and red wine. They have been associated with preventing metabolic diseases and certain cancers.
8. Anthocyanins: Found in blue and purple fruits like blueberries and blackberries, these antioxidants have been linked to heart health and reduced inflammation

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The Ultimate Crash Course on Glutathione! - video April 2024

YouTube, 51 minutes
3:45 Functions
5:45 GSH (Active Form)
7:40 Detox & Repair
9:10 Diseases
11:30 Mental Health
14:15 Inflammation
16:45 Cardiovascular
19:20 Blood Glucose
21:30 Fatty Liver
23:15 Depletion
24:20 Glutathione & Vitamin C
26:30 Alcohol

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GLUTATHIONE FOR BEGINNERS - Amazon book, Dec 2023 (free if Kindle Unlimited)

Unlocking Health And Vitality, The Comprehensive Guide To Boost Your Immunity, Detoxify Your Body, Combat Aging, And Rejuvenate Your Cells
33 pages - I have not looked at it

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Vitamin D, Glutathione & NAC: new relationships you should know - 2022 video

YouTube, 23 minutes

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Increased Vitamin D in both cells and blood when Glutathione (GSH) is increased – June 2024

The Impact of Vitamin D and L-Cysteine Co-Supplementation on Upregulating Glutathione and Vitamin D-Metabolizing Genes and in the Treatment of Circulating 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency
Nutrients Volume 16 Issue 13 10.3390/nu16132004
by Sushil K. Jain 1, sushil.jain at lsuhs.edu ORCID, Jeffrey Justin Margret 1ORCID, Steven A. Abrams 2,Steven N. Levine 3 andKamal Bhusal 3
1 Dept of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
2 Dept of Pediatrics and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at the U. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
3 Dept of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA

Table of Contents

2 of the 4 genes increase the tested level of Vitamin (red ellipsoids)

Vitamin D receptors are expressed in many organs and tissues, which suggests that vitamin D (VD) affects physiological functions beyond its role in maintaining bone health. Deficiency or inadequacy of 25(OH)VD is widespread globally. Population studies demonstrate that a positive association exists between a high incidence of VD deficiency and a high incidence of chronic diseases, including dementia, diabetes, and heart disease. However, many subjects have difficulty achieving the required circulating levels of 25(OH)VD even after high-dose VD supplementation, and randomized controlled clinical trials have reported limited therapeutic success post-VD supplementation. Thus, there is a discordance between the benefits of VD supplementation and the prevention of chronic diseases in those with VD deficiency. Why this dissociation exists is currently under debate and is of significant public interest.

This review discusses the downregulation of VD-metabolizing genes needed to convert consumed VD into 25(OH)VD to enable its metabolic action exhibited by subjects with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Research findings indicate a positive correlation between the levels of 25(OH)VD and glutathione (GSH) in both healthy and diabetic individuals.
Cell culture and animal experiments reveal a novel mechanism through which the status of GSH can positively impact the expression of VD metabolism genes.
This review highlights that for better success, VD deficiency needs to be corrected at multiple levels:

• (i) VD supplements and/or VD-rich foods need to be consumed to provide adequate VD, and
• (ii) the body needs to be able to upregulate VD-metabolizing genes to convert VD into 25(OH)VD and then to 1,25(OH)2VD to enhance its metabolic action.

This review outlines the association between 25(OH)VD deficiency/inadequacy and decreased GSH levels, highlighting the positive impact of combined VD+LC supplementation on upregulating GSH, VD-metabolizing genes, and VDR. These effects have the potential to enhance 25(OH)VD levels and its therapeutic efficacy.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Clipped from PDF

• "Various studies in humans and animals have successfully used LC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and/or LC-rich whey protein supplementation to improve the status of GSH and lower the levels of inflammation and insulin resistance in blood and tissues"

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Perhaps they were unaware of the liposomal form of Glutathione - which might be better than L-Cysteine or NAC

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Glutathione improved vitamin D levels and 6 Vitamin D genes (more gets to cells) (mice) - 2018

Glutathione Stimulates Vitamin D Regulatory and Glucose-Metabolism Genes, Lowers Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Increases 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Levels in Blood: A Novel Approach to Treat 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency
Antioxidants & Redox SignalingVol. 29, No. 17 https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7462
Sushil K. Jain sjain at lsuhsc.edu, Rajesh Parsanathan, Arunkumar E. Achari, Preeti Kanikarla-Marie, and Joseph A. Bocchini,

           Note: the deactivatin of CYP24A1 is a good thing - it means MORE Vitamin D can get to the cells

Aims: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VD] deficiency/inadequacy is a major public health issue affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. A convincing association exists between low levels of circulating 25(OH)VD and the poor health outcomes associated with chronic diseases. However, high supraphysiological doses of VD are needed to achieve the required 25(OH)VD levels in the blood, because many subjects respond poorly to supplementation.

Results: This study reports a link between 25(OH)VD deficiency and a reduction in glutathione (GSH) in obese adolescents. The improvement in GSH status that results from cosupplementation with VD and l-cysteine (LC; a GSH precursor) significantly reduced oxidative stress in a mouse model of 25(OH)VD deficiency.
It also positively upregulated VD regulatory genes (VDBP/VD-25-hydroxylase/VDR) in the liver and glucose metabolism genes (PGC-1α/VDR/GLUT-4) in muscle, boosted 25(OH)VD, and reduced inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) levels in the blood compared with supplementation with VD alone. In vitro GSH deficiency caused increased oxidative stress and downregulation of VDBP/VD-25-hydroxylase/VDR and upregulation of CYP24a1 in hepatocytes and downregulation of PGC-1α/VDR/GLUT-4 in myotubes. This study demonstrates that improvement in the GSH status exerts beneficial effects on the blood levels of 25(OH)VD, as well as on the inflammation and IR in a VD-deficient mouse model. Thus, the VD supplements widely consumed by the public are unlikely to be successful unless the GSH status is also corrected.
Innovation: These studies demonstrate a previously undiscovered mechanism by which GSH status positively upregulates the bioavailability of 25(OH)VD.

Conclusion: Supplementation with a combination of VD and LC or GSH precursor, rather than supplementation with VD alone, is beneficial and helps achieve more successful VD supplementation.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Study was cited 101 times as of July 2024

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• Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes: From biochemistry to gerontology and successful aging- Dec 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2023.102066 PDF is behind Paywall
• 
• Effects of vitamin D and L-cysteine cosupplementation on circulating bioavailable and total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, the free/total testosterone ratio and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy vitamin D-deficient African Americans: a placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial - 2024 FREE PDF
• Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy - March 2022 FREE PDF
• Glutathione: A Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation - NOV 2022 FREE PDF
• Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer and Vitamin D: The “Lost Sunlight” Paradox and the Oxidative Stress Explanation - 2023 FREE PDF
  • Control group had higher GHS levels
• Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes: From biochemistry to gerontology and successful aging - Dec 2023 -https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2023.102066   274 references
• 

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VitaminDWiki - Genetics chart shows the vitamin D genes

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What are possible good ways to increase glutathione levels in the body? Asked Perplexity AI June 2024

There are several effective ways to increase glutathione levels in the body:

1. Eat sulfur-rich foods: Consuming cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage can help boost glutathione levels due to their high content of sulfur-containing compounds called glucosinolates.
2. Consume glutathione-rich produce: Avocados, asparagus, spinach, squash, melons, grapefruit, and peaches contain plant versions of glutathione that the body can convert to replenish its supply.
3. Get enough sleep: Adequate sleep is crucial for maintaining glutathione levels. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night.
4. Exercise regularly: Aerobic exercise, strength training, and yoga can all help build glutathione levels while also boosting the immune system and supporting detoxification.
5. Eat a healthy diet: Following diets like the Mediterranean or DASH diet, which emphasize fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, fish, and olive oil, has been shown to improve glutathione levels.
6. Supplement with glutathione precursors: N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), alpha-lipoic acid, and selenium can help boost glutathione production in the body.
7. Consider milk thistle: This herb has been shown to enhance glutathione levels and protect the liver from toxicity.
8. Increase intake of vitamins C and E: These supporting antioxidants work in tandem with glutathione and can help maintain its levels in the body.
9. Limit toxic exposure: Reducing your intake of alcohol, processed foods, and exposure to environmental toxins can help preserve glutathione levels.
10. Consume whey protein: High-quality, grass-fed whey protein can help replenish glutathione by boosting cysteine levels.

Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before making significant changes to your diet or starting any new supplement regimen.

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Review of 11 Glutathione Supplements - ConsumerLab June 2024

ConsumerLab
Price of 200 mg ranges from $0.17 cents to $2.88
Swanson and Now were both highly rated
See Excellent reviews of supplements at ConsumerLab - which has a 5 day free trial.

• VitaminDWiki has subscribed to ConsumerLab for many years - it appears to have zero competition

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3 videos by Dr. Anderson on Glutathione

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Dr. Anderson REVEALS The 5 MISTAKES You’re Making When Taking GLUTATHIONE - June 2024

12 minute
Synergistic with Vitamin C and Vitamin E - should also take them
Also take co-factors: several Vitamin Bs, Magnesium, Selenium, Zinc

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What Happens to Your BODY When You Use GLUTATHIONE? - June 2024

7 minute

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The BEST Form of Glutathione - IV, IM, SQ, or LIPOSOMAL - July 2024

7 minute best oral forms: Liposomal, Aceytl

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One liposomal Glutathione product was found to be 64X more bio-available than standard

Study on the bioavailability of glutathione

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How long does it take for liposomal glutathione to show effects (spoiler: 1 week) - asked Perplexity AI June 2024

Liposomal glutathione can show effects relatively quickly, with significant improvements observed within the first few weeks of supplementation:

• Initial Effects: In a clinical study, glutathione (GSH) levels were elevated after just 1 week of oral liposomal glutathione supplementation. The study reported maximum increases of 40% in whole blood, 25% in erythrocytes, 28% in plasma, and 100% in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after 2 weeks of supplementation with doses of 500 mg or 1000 mg per day.
  • Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function - 2017 FREE PDF
• Oxidative Stress and Immune Function: Alongside the increase in GSH levels, reductions in oxidative stress biomarkers were observed, including a 35% decrease in plasma 8-isoprostane and a 20% decrease in the oxidized:reduced GSH ratio. Enhancements in immune function markers were also noted, with natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity elevated by up to 400% and lymphocyte proliferation increased by up to 60% after 2 weeks.
• Longer-Term Effects: A separate study indicated that liposomal glutathione supplementation over a period of 3 months resulted in reduced oxidative stress and maintained GSH levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, demonstrating sustained benefits over a longer duration.

Overall, liposomal glutathione can start showing beneficial effects within the first week, with more pronounced and maximum effects typically observed after 2 weeks of consistent supplementation.
References in Perplexity AI

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What supplements increase Glutathione levels in the body (NAC best?) - Asked Perplexity AI June 2024

Several supplements have been shown to increase glutathione levels in the body:

1. N-acetylcysteine (NAC): This is a precursor to cysteine, one of the amino acids needed to synthesize glutathione. NAC is considered one of the most effective supplements for boosting glutathione levels. The recommended dosage is typically 600-1,200 mg per day, divided into multiple doses.
2. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA): ALA has been shown to increase glutathione levels. The recommended dosage is 300 mg three times a day or 200-600 mg per day.
3. Whey protein: Rich in cysteine, whey protein can help boost glutathione production. A typical dosage is around 40 grams per day.
4. Selenium: This mineral is essential for glutathione production. The recommended dosage is 100-200 μg per day, with caution advised for doses above 400 μg due to potential toxicity.
5. Vitamin C: This antioxidant can help increase glutathione levels. Dosages of 500-2,000 mg per day have been studied.
6. Vitamin E: Another antioxidant that may support glutathione levels. Typical dosages range from 100-400 IU per day.
7. Curcumin: Found in turmeric, curcumin may help boost glutathione levels. Dosages of 1-2 grams per day have been found to benefit antioxidant capacity.
8. Glutathione itself: While controversial due to potential breakdown in the digestive system, some studies have shown oral glutathione supplementation can increase body stores. Typical dosages range from 250-1,000 mg per day.
9. Liposomal glutathione: This form may be more bioavailable than standard oral glutathione. Dosages of 500-1,000 mg per day have been studied.
10. Glycine: An amino acid precursor to glutathione. A dosage of 100 mg/kg/day has been suggested.

It's important to note that while these supplements may help increase glutathione levels, their effectiveness can vary among individuals. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as getting enough sleep, regular exercise, and eating a healthy diet rich in sulfur-containing foods (like cruciferous vegetables) can also support glutathione production. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
Perplexity AI references
NAC supplement review at ConsumerLab 5 day free trial of annual subscription

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Have glutathione levels decreased recently (spolier: YES) - asked Chat-GPT 4.o June 2024

There is some evidence suggesting that glutathione levels have decreased in certain contexts over recent decades. Several factors contribute to these changes, including increased exposure to environmental pollutants, dietary shifts, and the widespread use of certain medications.

1. Environmental Pollutants: The rise in environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, has been linked to oxidative stress, which depletes glutathione levels. This is because glutathione is a primary antioxidant that neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by these pollutants (MDPI) (MDPI).
2. Dietary Changes: Modern diets, which are often lower in fruits and vegetables and higher in processed foods, can reduce the intake of glutathione precursors and other antioxidants. Nutrient deficiencies, particularly in vitamins and minerals that support glutathione synthesis, may also play a role in the decline of glutathione levels (MDPI).
3. Medication Use: Certain medications, including acetaminophen (paracetamol), can deplete glutathione levels. Acetaminophen, when metabolized in the liver, can form toxic intermediates that require glutathione for detoxification, thereby reducing its availability (MDPI).
4. Aging: Natural aging processes are associated with a decline in glutathione levels. This is due to a decrease in the efficiency of the body's natural antioxidant systems and increased oxidative stress over time (MDPI).

Overall, while it is challenging to pinpoint a precise global trend, these factors collectively suggest that glutathione levels might have decreased in recent decades due to increased oxidative stress from environmental, dietary, and pharmaceutical sources.

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Glutathione, cataract and liposomal search found 4,100 items as of Oct 2024

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• How to Increase Cellular Glutathione - May 2023 [https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12051094|FREE PDF
• Antioxidant Nutraceutical Strategies in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress Related Eye Diseases - May 2023 FREE PDF
• Ferroptosis: a novel mechanism of cell death in ophthalmic conditions - June 2024 FREE PDF
• Advancing Medicine with Lipid-Based Nanosystems—The Successful Case of Liposomes - Feb 2023 FREE PDF

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