Photoprotection: facts and controversies
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19 (1): 98-112
K. Skotarczak, A. Osmola-Man Kowska, M. Lodyga, A. Polanska, M. Mazur, Z. Adamski
Faculty of Pharmacy, Specialisation Cosmetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. agnieszka.osmola@wp.pl
- Overview Suntan, melanoma and vitamin D
- Melanoma is 44 percent LESS LIKELY if get sun on the job – Nov 2013
- UV, sunshine, and vitamin D (87 charts) - Holick March 2013
- Melanoma huge increase - perhaps due to use of sunscreen or lower vitamin D - Aug 2014
- Sunscreen use is no longer associated with reduced skin cancer – meta-analysis April 2018
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Excessive exposure of the skin to sunlight can lead to many negative effects, such as sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer development. Pollution and stratospheric ozone layer depletion are factors that increase exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
This work is an accurate summary of the current state of knowledge on broad-spectrum photoprotection. Avoiding the sun, skin protection through the use of protective clothing and protective filters are currently the most effective methods of sunscreen provided that they are suitably used. In addition, discussed are controversial issues such as the toxicity of zinc used in sunscreen preparations and the potential for deficiency of vitamin D3 in relation with the application of strict photoprotection.
The study has also addressed issues concerning the most recent lines of research in the exploration of modern methods of photoprotection both local and systemic, such as with the use of photolyase or examination of various enzymes repairing damage after sun exposure, as well as the promising future in photoprotection technology.