More vegetables or fish, less Cancer – June 2014

Cancer in British vegetarians: updated analyses of 4998 incident cancers in a cohort of 32,491 meat eaters, 8612 fish eaters, 18,298 vegetarians, and 2246 vegans.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun 4. pii: ajcn.071266. [Epub ahead of print]
Key TJ, Appleby PN, Crowe FL, Bradbury KE, Schmidt JA, Travis RC.

BACKGROUND: Vegetarian diets might affect the risk of cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe cancer incidence in vegetarians and nonvegetarians in a large sample in the United Kingdom.

DESIGN: This was a pooled analysis of 2 prospective studies including 61,647 British men and women comprising 32,491 meat eaters, 8612 fish eaters, and 20,544 vegetarians (including 2246 vegans). Cancer incidence was followed through nationwide cancer registries. Cancer risk by vegetarian status was estimated by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: After an average follow-up of 14.9 y, there were 4998 incident cancers: 3275 in meat eaters (10.1%), 520 in fish eaters (6.0%), and 1203 in vegetarians (5.9%). There was significant heterogeneity between dietary groups in risks of the following cancers:

• stomach cancer [RRs (95% CIs) compared with meat eaters: 0.62 (0.27, 1.43) in fish eaters and 0.37 (0.19, 0.69) in vegetarians; P-heterogeneity = 0.006],
• colorectal cancer [RRs (95% CIs): 0.66 (0.48, 0.92) in fish eaters and 1.03 (0.84, 1.26) in vegetarians; P-heterogeneity = 0.033],
• cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue [RRs (95% CIs): 0.96 (0.70, 1.32) in fish eaters and 0.64 (0.49, 0.84) in vegetarians; P-heterogeneity = 0.005],
• multiple myeloma [RRs (95% CIs): 0.77 (0.34, 1.76) in fish eaters and 0.23 (0.09, 0.59) in vegetarians; P-heterogeneity = 0.010], and
• all sites combined [RRs (95% CIs): 0.88 (0.80, 0.97) in fish eaters and 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) in vegetarians; P-heterogeneity = 0.0007].

CONCLUSION: In this British population, the risk of some cancers is lower in fish eaters and vegetarians than in meat eaters.

PMID: 24898235

Summary Table by VitaminDWiki relative to meat eater

Cancer type	Fish Eater	Vegetarian
stomach cancer	0.62	0.37
colorectal cancer	0.66	1.03
lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue	0.96	0.64
multiple myeloma	0.77	0.23
all sites	0.88	0.88

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See also VitaminDWiki

• Vitamin D3 for Vegans
• Mortality increased: 4X Cancer, 5X Diabetes if eat a lot of meat protein – March 2014
• Food Sources and Vitamin D category listing has 112 items along with related searches