Prediction models and questionnaires developed to predict vitamin D status in adults: a systematic review
Osteoporosis International volume 31, pages 2287–2302 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05539-1
G. Naureen, K. M. Sanders, L. Busija, D. Scott, K. Lim, J. Talevski, C. Connaughton & S. L. Brennan-Olsen
A systematic review of prediction models/questionnaires developed to identify people with deficient/insufficient vitamin D status shows the potential of self-reported information to estimate vitamin D status. The objective is to identify and compare existing screening tools, developed to identify vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in adults. A systematic search of literature was conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. Risk of bias and applicability concerns were assessed by quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2). Data were extracted on socio-demographic, anthropometric, risk factors, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D levels, statistical methods and predictive ability.
A total of 12 studies were considered for inclusion for this systematic review after screening of 4851 abstracts and 15 full-text articles. Ten of twelve studies developed prediction models and 2 studies developed questionnaires. The majority of studies had low risk of bias and applicability as assessed by QUADAS-2. All studies included only self-reported predictors of vitamin D status in their final models and development of scores.
Sunlight exposure and related factors were important significant contributors to the predictive ability of the models and/or questionnaires.
Sensitivity and specificity of the prediction models or questionnaires ranged from 55 to 91% and 35 to 84%, respectively.
Six out of twelve studies converted final models to scores associated with vitamin D status. There was no evidence that any of these existing tools have been translated into clinical practice. The prediction models or questionnaires identified in this systematic review were moderately sensitive and specific for identifying people with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The substantial contribution of sunlight exposure to the prediction of vitamin D status highlights the importance of including this information when developing vitamin D screening tools.
Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via VitaminDWiki
12 studies (PDF includes tables of criteria and results)
VitaminDWiki
- Toward predicting vitamin D levels without a blood test.
- Is a senior Vitamin D insufficient - a 2 minute questionnaire is 85 percent accurate – Nov 2019
Web
- Machine learning approaches to constructing predictive models of vitamin D deficiency in a hypertensive population: a comparative study - April 2021 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2021.1896524
- Methods: We collected data from 1002 hypertensive patients from a Spanish university hospital. The elastic net regularization approach was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset. The issue of determining vitamin D status was addressed as a classification problem; thus, the following classifiers were applied: logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), random forest, naive Bayes, and Extreme Gradient Boost methods. Classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were computed to assess the performance of each method.
- Results: The SVM-based method with radial kernel performed better than the other algorithms in terms of sensitivity (98%), negative predictive value (71%), and classification accuracy (73%).
VitaminDWiki - Predict Vitamin D category contains
It is very difficult to predict the response to supplementation of Vitamin D, or additional sun/UV
There are a huge number of factors involved.
This page also has studies predicting deficiency without Vitamin D tests
- Predicted Vitamin D levels for health young women had 95% accuracy using neural network (paywall) – July 2024
- Vitamin D deficiency predicted with 91% accuracy ( AI, age, paywall) - April 2024
- Predictors of low vitamin D: race, age, and BMI (confirmed now by Machine Learning) – Feb 2024
- Low Vitamin D screening with just 5 questions (for less than 12 ng) – June 2022
- Top 10 signs of Vitamin D Deficiency (9 minute Video) - Oct 2021
- Estimate Vitamin D levels based on questionnaires (12 studies) – July 2020
- Is a senior Vitamin D insufficient - a 2 minute questionnaire is 85 percent accurate – Nov 2019
- Simple Vitamin D deficiency scoring system – Feb 2016
- Toward predicting vitamin D levels without a blood test. by VitaminDWiki
- Excellent prediction of very low vitamin D in elderly from just 16 questions (analyzed by ML) – June 2017
- Quick, free, self test of vitamin D deficiency 90% chance <20 ng
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