Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohamed B. Elamin, Nisrin O. Abu Elnour, Khalid B. Elamin, Mitra M. Fatourechi, Aziz A. Alkatib, Jaime P. Almandoz, Hau Liu, Melanie A. Lane, Rebecca J. Mullan, Ahmad Hazem, Patricia J. Erwin, Donald D. Hensrud, Mohammad Hassan Murad murad.mohammad@mayo.edu. , Victor M. Montori
Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit (M.B.E., N.O.A.E., M.M.F., A.A.A., M.A.L., R.J.M., A.H., P.J.E., M.H.M., V.M.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905;
Department of Medicine (K.B.E.), Case Western Reserve University, Metrohealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109;
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Nutrition (J.P.A., V.M.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905;
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.L.), Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California 95128; and D
ivision of Preventive, Occupational, and Aerospace Medicine (A.H., D.D.H., M.H.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905

Context: Several studies found association between vitamin D levels and hypertension, coronary artery calcification, and heart disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence on the effect of vitamin D on cardiovascular outcomes.

Design and Methods: We searched electronic databases from inception through August 2010 for randomized trials. Reviewers working in duplicate and independently extracted study characteristics, quality, and the outcomes of interest. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the relative risks (RR) and the weighted mean differences across trials.

Results: We found 51 eligible trials with moderate quality. Vitamin D was associated with nonsignificant effects on the patient-important outcomes of death (RR, 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93, 1.00; P = 0.08), myocardial infarction (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93, 1.13; P = 0.64), and stroke (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.88, 1.25; P = 0.59). These analyses were associated with minimal heterogeneity. There were no significant changes in the surrogate outcomes of lipid fractions, glucose, or diastolic or systolic blood pressure. The latter analyses were associated with significant heterogeneity, and the pooled estimates were trivial in absolute terms

Conclusions: Trial data available to date are unable to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with vitamin D. The quality of the available evidence is low to moderate at best.

Received February 14, 2011. Accepted May 23, 2011.

PDF is attached at bottom of page

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Note that virtually all of the studies were with 800 IU of vitamin D daily.

800 IU is not enough to make a difference

And, while there were a few studies which might have had enough vitamin D to make a difference,
the studies were all averaged together - The meta-analysis did not care much vitamin D was taken.
Also, did not care Vitamin D2 vs Vitamin D3

See VitaminDWiki

• Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
• Lack of vitamin D is a predictor of heart failure – Sept 2010
• Review of vitamin D and heart failure – Aug 2010
• Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease - Systematic review June 2010
• Cardiovascular Systematic Review of Vitamin D- Mar 2010
• Vitamin D less than 15 ng did not predict additional cardiovascular disease events – June 2010
• Low Vitamin D associated with cardiovascular disease – June 2010
• Vitamin D reduces both death rate and cardiovascular disease – Sept 2010
• Vitamin D is important for cardiovascular health – Sept 2010 nice chart and tables
• Cardiology diseases highly associated with low vitamin D – Oct 2010 based on 41,000 patients
• Review of heart failure and vitamin D mechanisms – Jan 2011
• Patent for patients of Chronic Heart Failure includes vitamin D – June 2011
• Cardiovascular disease may be reduced by vitamin D – June 2011
  • Vitamin D, cardiovascular disease and mortality.
• 800 IU of vitamin D is not enough to help Cardiovascular Disease (found again) – Oct 2016