Tobacco smoke exposure is an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency in US children
PLOS x https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205342
Benjamin Udoka Nwosu Benjamin.Nwosu at umassmemorial.org , Philip Kum-Nji
Age 5 - 9: 30% likely to have < 20 ng if a smoker
Age 10-14: 30% likely to have < 20 ng if smoker or second hand smoke
Age 15-17: 30% likely to have < 20 ng if second hand smoke but only 18% if a smoker seems strange
2,263 children from the 2019 NHANES analysis
Determined smoking status is based on urine content ( 0.5-10 = second hand smoke)
| Increased chance of low vitamin D | Association |
| 1.5 X | any smoke exposure (probably > 0.5) |
| 1.9 X | Female |
| 8.5 X | Dark skin |
Note: It is far more important to take Vitamin D if Dark Skinned than if exposed to smoke
Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D contains the following summary
FACT - - People with dark skins have more health problems and higher mortality rate than those with light skins
FACT - - People with dark skins have low levels of vitamin D
FACT - - People with light skins who have low vitamin D have health problems
OBSERVATION - - The health problems of whites with low level of vitamin D are similar to those with dark skins
CONCLUSION - - People with dark skins have more health problems due to low levels of vitamin D
African American Health Disparities are associated with low Vitamin D - Grant Feb 2021
Low Vitamin D increases health problems - independent of skin color
- Both parents smoke – child’s vitamin D level was 30 percent lower and worse asthma – May 2018 -Includes Surgeon General's report on 2nd-hand smoke
Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies contains the following
Two pathways are often proposed for how smoking decreases vitamin D:
1) Smoking decreases Calcium. and Vitamin D is used up in replacing the Calcium
2) Smoking injures the body, and vitamin D is used up in repairing the body
It appears that taking Vitamin D while smoking will:
1) Decrease the incidence of the many health problems associated with smoking - even lung cancer
2) Decrease the desire to smoke (perhaps take fewer smoking breaks?)
3) Increase breathing capacity
Opinion: If you must smoke, have recently smoked, or are getting 2nd hand smoke:
take Vitamin D and perhaps Omega-3
They will extinguish much of the inflammation caused by inhaling tobacco smoke.
Vitamin D should also help people quit smoking
1) Reduces weight gain associated with quitting smoking
2) Reduces depression associated with quitting smoking
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Importance
The role of tobacco-smoke exposure on serum vitamin D concentration in US pediatric population is not known. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke exposure would increase the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in US children.
Methods
Representative national data were accessed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010 databank on 2,263 subjects of ages 3 to 17 years. Subjects were categorized into two groups based on their age: children, if <10 years; and youth if 10 to 17 years. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the effect of serum cotinine-verified tobacco smoke exposure on vitamin D status after controlling for key sociodemographic confounders. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL, insufficiency as 25(OH)D of 20–29.9 ng/mL, and sufficiency as 25(OH)D of ≥30 ng/mL. Tobacco smoke exposure status was defined by serum cotinine concentration as follows: unexposed and non-smoking (<0.05 ng/mL) and exposed (passive and active smokers combined) (≥0.05ng/mL). Specifically, passive and active smoking were defined as cotinine of 0.05–10 ng/mL, and ≥10ng/mL respectively.
Results
The prevalence of second-hand smoke exposure was 42.0% (95%CI, 36.7%-47.5%); while the prevalence of active smoking among teenagers was 9.0% (95%CI, 6.2%-12.5%). Vitamin D deficiency occurred at a frequency of 15.1% in children unexposed to tobacco smoke, 20.9% in children exposed to passive tobacco smoke, and 18.0% among actively smoking youth (p<0.001). Tobacco smoke exposure independently predicted vitamin D deficiency after controlling for age, sex, race, BMI, maternal education, and family socio-economic status (OR:1.50; 95%CI, 1.14–1.85, p = 0.002).
Conclusions: This analysis of a nationwide database reports that tobacco smoke exposure is an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency in US children.
Title revision Nov 2019 caused the visitor count to reset.There have actually been
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