Zinc deficiency is a risk factor for autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis – 2017

VitaminDWiki

• Autoimmune category listing has 204 items along with related searches
• Multiple Sclerosis category listing has 412 items along with related searches
• Zinc and Vitamin D category listing has 90 items along with related searches
  The base of the fingers of Vitamin D Receptors contain a zinc molecule
     Note: Vitamin D Receptor restricts how much of the vitamin D in blood actually gets to cells
  Zinc is needed to use Omega-3
  Has the following chart

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Note: The founder of VitaminDWiki takes 10 mg of Zin daily in cereral.
It costs less than 1 cent a day for the possible improvement in amount of Zinc getting to the cells

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Zinc in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – June 2016

ASN Neuro. 2016 Jun 9;8(3). pii: 1759091416651511. doi: 10.1177/1759091416651511. Print 2016 Jun.
Bredholt M1, Frederiksen JL2.
1 Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark mikkelbredholt at hotmail.com.
2 Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.

In the last 35 years, zinc (Zn) has been examined for its potential role in the disease multiple sclerosis (MS). This review gives an overview of the possible role of Zn in the pathogenesis of MS as well as a meta-analysis of studies having measured Zn in serum or plasma in patients with MS. Searching the databases PubMed and EMBASE as well as going through reference lists in included articles 24 studies were found measuring Zn in patients with MS. Of these, 13 met inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis shows a reduction in serum or plasma Zn levels in patients with MS with a 95% CI of [-3.66, -0.93] and a p value of .001 for the difference in Zn concentration in μM. One of six studies measuring cerebrospinal fluid, Zn levels found a significant increase in patients with MS with controls. The studies measuring whole blood and erythrocyte Zn levels found up to several times higher levels of Zn in patients with MS compared with healthy controls with decreasing levels during attacks in relapsing-remitting MS patients. Future studies measuring serum or plasma Zn are encouraged to analyze their data through homogenous MS patient subgroups on especially age, sex, and disease subtype since the difference in serum or plasma Zn in these subgroups have been found to be significantly different. It is hypothesized that local alterations of Zn may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Zinc Status and Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Jan 2018

Nutrients. 2018 Jan 11;10(1). pii: E68. doi: 10.3390/nu10010068.
Sanna A1, Firinu D2, Zavattari P3, Valera P4.

Zinc is an essential trace element for living organisms and their biological processes. Zinc plays a key role in more than 300 enzymes and it is involved in cell communication, proliferation, differentiation and survival. Zinc plays also a role in regulating the immune system with implications in pathologies where zinc deficiency and inflammation are observed. In order to examine the experimental evidence reported in the literature regarding zinc levels in the body of patients with autoimmune disorders compared to control individuals, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. From 26,095 articles identified by literature search, only 179 of them were considered potentially relevant for our study and then examined. Of the 179 articles, only 62 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Particularly for Fixed Model, Zn concentration in both serum (mean effect = -1.19; confidence interval: -1.26 to -1.11) and plasma (mean effect = -3.97; confidence interval: -4.08 to -3.87) samples of autoimmune disease patients was significantly lower than in controls. The data presented in our work, although very heterogeneous in the manner of collecting and investigating samples, have proved to be extremely consistent in witnessing a deficiency of zinc in serum and plasma of patients compared to controls.
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The Emerging Role of Zinc in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. – Sept 2017

Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Sep 28;18(10). pii: E2070. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102070.
Choi BY1, Jung JW2, Suh SW3.
Our lab has previously demonstrated that multiple sclerosis-induced spinal cord white matter damage and motor deficits are mediated by the pathological disruption of zinc homeostasis. Abnormal vesicular zinc release and intracellular zinc accumulation may mediate several steps in the pathophysiological processes of multiple sclerosis (MS), such as matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and subsequent immune cell infiltration from peripheral systems.
Oral administration of a zinc chelator decreased BBB disruption, immune cell infiltration, and spinal white matter myelin destruction. Therefore, we hypothesized that zinc released into the extracellular space during MS progression is involved in destruction of the myelin sheath in spinal cord white mater and in generation of motor deficits. To confirm our previous study, we employed zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) knockout mice to test whether vesicular zinc depletion shows protective effects on multiple sclerosis-induced white matter damage and motor deficits. ZnT3 gene deletion profoundly reduced the daily clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by suppression of inflammation and demyelination in the spinal cord. ZnT3 gene deletion also remarkably inhibited formation of multiple sclerosis-associated aberrant synaptic zinc patches, MMP-9 activation, and BBB disruption. These two studies strongly support our hypothesis that zinc release from presynaptic terminals may be involved in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Further studies will no doubt continue to add mechanistic detail to this process and with luck, clarify how these observations may lead to development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

From Conclusion

• “The idea of zinc playing a significant role in MS pathogenesis may arise from its high concentration in the CNS and involvement in brain physiology.”

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Discussion of Zinc fingers on This is MS - 2016

{http://www.thisisms.com/forum/natural-approach-f27/topic28305.html|Lots of discussion with links to studies, a few of which are above]__