Reduced levels of serum 25(OH)D 3 are associated with tuberculosis positive cattle under conditions of high natural exposure to Mycobacterium bovis
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis... 2022 Jan 10;81:101746. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101746
Sofía López-Constantino 1, Evaristo A Barragan 2, Edgar Alfonseca-Silva 3
Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D3) concentrations of < 30 ng/mL in cattle are insufficient to induce an adequate immune response against intracellular pathogens, which suggests that the efficacy of the immune response may be highly dependent on the bioavailability of 25(OH)D3. This study shows an overview of both in vitro and in vivo 25(OH)D3-mediated immune modulation amongst dairy cattle naturally exposed to M. bovis. Tuberculin status was confirmed by interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), and natural exposure was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tuberculin (-) cattle have a higher serum concentration of 25(OH)D3 (X¯= 87.12 ng/mL) when compared to tuberculin (+) cattle (X¯ = 45.86 ng/mL). Reduced serum 25(OH)D3 levels are associated with the presence of bovine TB, and serum 25(OH)D3 levels of > 80 ng/mL are necessary to counteract infection by M. bovis. Kill assays were performed to evaluate in vitro 25(OH)D3 modulation of intracellular M. bovis growth in bovine macrophages, which showed that reduced serum 25(OH)D3 levels are associated with diminished mycobactericidal capacity in this experimental model. On the other hand, increased 25(OH)D3 in culture media enhances phagocytosis and nitric oxide production, which in turn improves capacity to combat M. bovis.
VitaminDWiki - Overview Tuberculosis and Vitamin D has
Many studies have found that Vitamin D both PREVENTS and TREATS TB
- As with many other diseases, we expect that there will be at least a 4X range of vitamin D due to:
- 4X range in the response in the vitamin D blood level for the same IU dose - for healthy, non-obese, people
- Poor Vitamin D Receptor activation results in far less vitamin D getting to cells
- However, a VDR restriction is not noticed by Vitamin D blood tests
- UV appears to be as powerful or perhaps more powerful than vitamin D in TREATING TB
- Tuberculosis -100 percent cure rate with 10,000 IU of vitamin D daily – RCT 2006
- TB 10X less likely to catch if have sufficient vitamin D – Dec 2011
- Trials using small vitamin D doses neither prevent nor treat TB 2023 2022 2020
- No tuberculosis if more than 80 ng of vitamin D (cattle) - Jan 2022
- Humans need a lot of Vitamin D as well
VitaminDWiki - Meta-analysis of TB
- Latent Tuberculosis 44 percent less likely if Vitamin D more than 30 ng - 14th meta-analysis Jan 2022
- Those with TB were 3.2 X more likely to have low vitamin D – 13th meta-analysis Sept 2021
- Tuberculosis still associated with low vitamin D – 12th meta-analysis June 2021
- Tuberculosis 3X more likely if less than 12 ng of Vitamin D - meta-analysis Sept 2019
- Tuberculosis increased risk if poor Vitamin D receptor varies by race – meta-analysis Feb 2019
- Tuberculosis (multi-drug resistant) was 13.4 X more likely to be quickly cleared with Vitamin D - Meta-analysis Feb 2019
- Catching Tuberculosis from family member 2 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2018
- Tuberculosis in children 1.7 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Aug 2018
- Low vitamin D is a risk factor for tuberculosis – meta-analysis Dec 2016
- Tuberculosis 1.3 times more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Oct 2016
- Tuberculosis 4.5X more likely if vitamin D less than 10 nanogram – meta-analysis May 2015
- Tuberculosis, genes and vitamin D – Meta-Analysis Dec 2013
- TB associated with low vitamin D in a review and meta-analysis – 2008
- TB and vitamin D updated review and meta-analysis – plays a role Jan 2010
Other references
- Vitamin D reduced bacterial infection in cows – RCT Sept 2013
- Cows are routinely given 30 IU per kilogram (which would be 10,000 IU for a 150 lb person)
- National requirement of vitamin D for pigs increased by 4X, (4X more than for humans) - Jan 2014
- Farm Vets are paid to to pevent disease, doctors are paid to treat disease
- TB 10X less likely to catch if have sufficient vitamin D – Dec 2011
- Vitamin D and infectious diseases like RTI, TB and Sepsis – Nov 2014
- Tuberculosis -100 percent cure rate with 10,000 IU of vitamin D daily – RCT 2006
- Tuberculosis recovery speeded up by single 450,000 IU dose of vitamin D – RCT Jan 2017
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