Relationship and Effects of Vitamin D on Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Cureus 13(8): e17419. doi:10.7759/cureus.17419
Nyein Wint Yee Theik, Oluwatimilehin E. Raji, Priya Shenwai, Rutul Shah, Sahithi Reddy Kalluri, Tinaz H. Bhutta, Hanan Hannoodee, Mahmoud Al Khalili, Safeera Khan
Metabolic Syndrome in VitaminDWiki has the following
See also
- Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
- Overview Diabetes and vitamin D
- Overview Obesity and Vitamin D
- Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Magnesium - many studies
- Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies
- Metabolic Syndrome risk decreases by 20 percent with each 10 ng increase in Vitamin D - April 2021
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vitamin D - review of 33 studies - March 2021
- Metabolic Syndrome far less likely if high Vitamin D – 3 meta-analyses 2021
- Metabolic Syndrome 11X more likely if have a poor Vitamin D Receptor – 2018
- Vitamin D is linked to metabolic syndrome and obesity – Aug 2019
- Risk of Metabolic syndrome for senior women reduced 42 percent by 1,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT June 2019
- Metabolic Syndrome risk reduced 3.7 X by nuts (Magnesium, Omega-3) – Dec 2018
- Metabolically Healthy – only 1 in 50 seniors in the US – Nov 2018
- Metabolic Syndrome indicators inversely proportional to vitamin D below 46 ng – Nov 2018
- Metabolic Syndromes fought by Vitamin D in 6 ways – Oct 2023
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a persistent public health problem in the United States (U.S.) due to its increasing prevalence and its positive correlation with type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). According to National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria, MetS has six main components, which are obesity, dyslipidemia, raised blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance (IR) or glucose intolerance, pro-inflammatory state, and prothrombotic state. Vitamin D (Vit D) regulates the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and thus, is universally accepted as an essential vitamin for bone strength as well as a facilitator of immune system function. Vit D was also shown to reduce the risks of CVD, multiple sclerosis, and developing seasonal flu.
We conducted a systematic review to identify the general association between Vit D level and MetS, to highlight specific associations between Vit D level and individual components of MetS, and finally, to explore the effects of Vit D supplementation on each component of MetS.
In this paper, we reviewed 14 recent studies investigating the relationships between Vit D, MetS, and components of MetS. From the review of seven studies, we confirmed a significant association between Vit D and MetS as a whole. Four out of the five observational studies we reviewed support that Vit D level is significantly associated with the following components of MetS: obesity and BMI, dyslipidemia, BP, and insulin and glucose metabolism.
We did not discover any significant relationship between Vit D level and other MetS components. The review of seven additional randomized clinical trials (RCT)-based studies suggest that Vit D supplementation has significant effects on BP, abdominal obesity, and insulin and glucose metabolism.
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