Extreme preterm infants helped somewhat by 800 IU of vitamin D – RCT Jan 2018

Dose-Response Effects of Early Vitamin D Supplementation on Neurodevelopmental and Respiratory Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants at 2 Years of Age: A Randomized Trial

Neonatology 2018;113:256-262 . (DOI:10.1159/000484399)

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NDI = Neurodevelopmental impairment

Salas A.A. · Woodfin T. · Phillips V. · Peralta-Carcelen M. · Carlo W.A. · Ambalavanan N.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Corresponding Author Ariel A. Salas, MD, MSPH asalas at peds.uab.edu
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Women and Infants Center Suite 9380, 1700 6th Ave South Birmingham, AL 35233 (USA)

Background: Many extremely preterm infants have low vitamin D concentrations at birth, but early childhood outcomes after vitamin D supplementation have not been reported. Objective: To determine a dose-response relationship between increasing doses of enteral vitamin D in the first 28 days after birth and cognitive scores at 2 years of age.
Methods: In this phase II double-blind dose-response randomized trial, infants with gestational ages between 23 and 27 weeks were randomly assigned to receive placebo or a vitamin D dose of 200 or 800 IU/day from day 1 of enteral feeding to postnatal day 28. The primary outcome of this follow-up study was Bayley III cognitive score at 22-26 months of age.

Results: Seventy of 80 survivors had a follow-up evaluation at 2 years of age (88%). There were no significant differences in cognitive scores between supplementation groups (p = 0.47). Cognitive scores did not differ between the higher vitamin D dose group and the placebo group (median difference favoring the 800 IU group: +5 points; 95% CI: −5 to 15; p = 0.23). The linear trend between increasing doses of vitamin D and reduction of neurodevelopmental impairment (placebo group: 54%; 200 IU group: 43%; 800 IU group: 30%; p = 0.08) or language impairment (placebo group: 64%; 200 IU group: 57%; 800 IU group: 45%; p = 0.15) was not statistically significant. Respiratory outcomes at 2 years of age (need for supplemental oxygen or asthma medications) did not differ between groups.

Conclusion: In extremely preterm infants, early vitamin D supplementation did not significantly improve cognitive scores. Though underpowered for clinically meaningful differences in early childhood outcomes, this trial may help determine dosing for further investigation of vitamin D supplementation.

© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel

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