Vitamin D Status in Central Europe
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Endocrinology Volume 2014, Article ID 589587, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589587
Pawel Pludowski,1 William B. Grant,2 Harjit Pal Bhattoa,3 Milan Bayer,4 Vladyslav Povoroznyuk,5 Ema Rudenka,6 Heorhi Ramanau,7 Szabolcs Varbiro,8 Alena Rudenka,9 Elzbieta Karczmarewicz,1 Roman Lorenc,1 Justyna Czech-Kowalska,10 and Jerzy Konstantynowicz11
1 Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
2 Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
4 Department of Pediatrics, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec, Czech Republic
5 D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 04114, Ukraine
6 Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
7 Internal Medicine of Gomel Medical University, Gomel, Belarus
8 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1082, Hungary
9 Cardiology and Rheumatology of Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
10Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04 730 Warsaw, Poland
11Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 15 274 Bialystok, Poland
Correspondence should be addressed to Pawel Pludowski; p.pludowski at czd.pl
Received 22 July 2013; Revised 17 February 2014; Accepted 26 February 2014; Published 26 March 2014 Academic Editor: Ajai Kumar Srivastav
Little published information is available regarding epidemiological data on vitamin D status in the large geographical region of Central Europe (CE). We searched the journal literature with regard to 25(OH)D concentrations among community-dwelling or healthy people livinginCE. 25(OH)D concentrations varied by age, season, study sample size, and methodological approach [i.e., 25(OH)D assay used]. Concentrations of 25(OH)D in CE appeared lower than 30 ng/mL, and the magnitude of hypovitaminosis D was similar to that reported in Western Europe. While most of the studies reviewed were cross-sectional studies, a longitudinal study was also included to obtain information on seasonal variability. The longitudinal study reported wintertime 25(OH)D values close to 21-23 ng/mL for all studied age groups, with a significant increase of 25(OH)D in August reaching 42ng/mL for those aged 0-9 years, but only 21 ng/mL for the elderly aged 80-89 years. The decrease in 25(OH)D with respect to age was attributed to decreased time spent in the sun and decreased vitamin D production efficiency. Based on the literature review on vitamin D status in the CE populations, it can be concluded that 25(OH)vitamin D levels are on average below the 30 ng/mL level.
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See also VitaminDWiki
- Deficiency of Vitamin D category listing includes listing of items in Deficiency and Europe, etc.
- 30 to 50 ng of vitamin D is optimal – Central Europe consensus Sept 2013
- Vitamin D levels in healthy populations around the globe – Aug 2012 interactive maps
- Vitamin D is the only vitamin which is low in Europe – Jan 2013
- 90 percent of Swiss men have less than 30 ng of vitamin D in the winter – Nov 2012
- Overview Deficiency of vitamin D which has the following