Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors and exercise performance in healthy participants: a randomized placebo-controlled preliminary study.
Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Aug;7(4):153-65. doi: 10.1177/2042018816653357. Epub 2016 Jun 20.
Al-Dujaili EA1, Munir N2, Iniesta RR2.
1Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret University Drive, Musselburgh, Edinburgh, East Lothian EH21 6UU, UK.
2Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
Amazing benefits for such a short time of just 2000 IU daily
| Baseline | 2 weeks | |
| Systolic blood pressure | 116 | 106 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 75 | 69 |
| Arterial stiffness | 7.5 | 6.1 |
| Exercise-induced systolic blood pressure | 131 | 116 |
| Distance cycled in 20 minutes | 5 km | 6.5 km |
Two weeks is not enough time to "top off" Vitaminn D levels
- I can speculate on the much larger improvements if: any combination of the following
- increased dose - say 4,000 IU
- Increased duration - say 4 months
- Initially used a loading dose - say 400,000 IU
See also VitaminDWiki
- Intervention - Vitamin D
- Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015
- Just 1500 IU of Vitamin D significantly helps Prozac – RCT March 2013
- Improved muscle function in postmenopausal women with just 1,000 IU of vitamin D daily – RCT May 2015
- Allergic Rhinitis (hay fever) reduced by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D for 30 days – RCT Sept 2015
- Proof that Vitamin D Works 70 proofs as of Aug 2016
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D
- Vitamin D supplementation improves muscle strength in healthy adults – meta-analysis of 6 RCT Aug 2014
Publisher wants $40 for the PDF
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Evidence suggests associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including hypertension and excessive cortisol levels. Also, vitamin D levels may impact exercise performance. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D intake on cardiovascular risk factors, free urinary cortisol and exercise performance.
METHODS:
A randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded parallel trial was conducted in healthy participants (n = 15). They received 2000 IU (50 µg) vitamin D3 per day (n = 9) or placebo (lactose) (n = 6) for 14 days. Body composition, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and arterial elasticity (as measured by pulse wave velocity, PWV) were recorded at baseline, day 7 and day 14 of intervention. A total of two 24-hour urine samples were collected to estimate free cortisol and cortisone levels. Exercise performance was assessed at the baseline and day 14 of the intervention using a bike ergometer in which BP and PWV were measured before and after exercise. The distance cycled in 20 minutes and the Borg Scale rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded.
RESULTS:
In the intervention arm, at day 14, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced SBP and DBP from 115.8 ± 17.1 and 75.4 ± 10.3 at baseline to 106.3 ± 10.9 (p = 0.022) and 68.5 ± 10.1 mmHg (p = 0.012) respectively. Also arterial stiffness was markedly reduced in the vitamin D group (from 7.45 ± 1.55 to 6.11 ± 1.89, p = 0.049). Urinary free cortisol levels and cortisol/cortisone ratio were significantly reduced from 162.65 ± 58.9 nmol/day and 2.22 ± 0.7 to 96.4 ± 37.2 (p = 0.029) and 1.04 ± 0.4 (p = 0.017) respectively. Exercise-induced SBP and DBP were significantly reduced post vitamin D intake from 130.7 ± 12.2 to 116.1 ± 8.1 (p = 0.012) and from 76.2 ± 8.4 to 70.5 ± 7.7 mmHg (p = 0.042) respectively. The distance cycled in 20 minutes significantly increased from 4.98 ± 2.65 to 6.51 ± 2.28km (p = 0.020), while the Borg Scale RPE reduced from 5.13 ± 1.36 to 4.25 ± 0.71 RPE (p = 0.021). In the placebo arm, no significant effects on CVD risk factors and exercise performance were observed.
CONCLUSION:
These results suggest that daily vitamin D supplementation may ameliorate CVD risk factors including a decrease in 11ß-HSD1 activity, as evidenced by the decrease in the cortisol/cortisone ratio, and improve exercise performance in healthy individuals. However, large scale studies are required to verify our findings.
PMID: 27540461 DOI: 10.1177/2042018816653357