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Infections in children reduced a bit by 2,000 IU of vitamin D - meta-analysis July 2023


High-dose oral vitamin D supplementation for prevention of infections in children aged 0 to 59 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutrition Reviews, nuad082, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuad082
Janet Adede Carboo, Robin Claire Dolman-Macleod, Linda Malan, Martani Johanni Lombard

Context
Vitamin D plays an important role in immune function, and the deficiency thereof has been associated with several infections, most notably respiratory tract infections. However, data from intervention studies investigating the effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on infections have been inconclusive.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation above the standard dose (400 IU) in preventing infections in apparently healthy children < 5 years of age.

Data Sources
PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched between August 2022 and November 2022. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction
Meta-analyses of outcomes in more than one study were performed using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Randomized controlled trials in which vitamin D was supplemented at > 400 IU compared with placebo, no treatment, or standard dose were included.

Data Analysis
Seven trials that enrolled a total of 5748 children were included. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CIs were calculated using random- and fixed-effects models. There was no significant effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (OR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.62–1.10). There was a 57% (95%CI, 0.30–0.61), 56% (95%CI, 0.27–0.07), and 59% (95%CI, 0.26–0.65) reduction in the odds of influenza/cold, cough, and fever incidence, respectively, with daily supplementation of vitamin D > 1000 IU. No effect was found on bronchitis, otitis media, diarrhea/gastroenteritis, primary care visits for infections, hospitalizations, or mortality.

Conclusion
High-dose vitamin D supplementation provided

  • no benefit in preventing upper respiratory tract infections (moderate certainty of evidence) but
  • reduced the incidence influenza/cold (moderate certainty of evidence),
  • cough, and fever (low certainty of evidence).

These findings are based on a limited number of trials and should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed.
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VitaminDWiki - 19 studies in both categories Immunity and Infant/Child

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VitaminDWiki - 26 Meta-analyses of Infant/Child

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53+ VitaminDWiki Infant/Child pages have INFECTION OR COVID OR TONSILLITIS in the title

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Items found: 63
Title Modified
3X reduction in respiratory infections in children taking more than 800 IU of Vitamin D weekly – Nov 2024 21 Nov, 2024
Pfizer COVID vaccinations resulted in altering immune systems (increased IgG4 ) – Aug 2024 20 Aug, 2024
Urinary Tract Infection and Vitamin D – several studies 09 Jul, 2024
FDA study of 4 million children found 2 COVID-19 vaccination red flags, but continue to push boosters – May 2024 07 May, 2024
Children in hospital: those with COVID had lower Vitamin D, Iron, etc. – April 2024 20 Apr, 2024
COVID Vaccinated Children 1.25 X More Likely to Be Hospitalized for Respiratory Illness - CDC Jan 2024 12 Jan, 2024
Brazil mandates COVID-19 vaccine for children - Nov 2023 10 Nov, 2023
Infections in children reduced a bit by 2,000 IU of vitamin D - meta-analysis July 2023 08 Oct, 2023
Respiratory infection, children and Vitamin D - many studies 08 Oct, 2023
Preemies with pneumonia infection have especially low vitamin D levels (12 ng) – May 2023 08 Oct, 2023
Doctors in NY cannot opt out of COVID boosters for children - Oct 2023 02 Oct, 2023
Respiratory infections in children 6 X more likely if low Vitamin D (avg of 2 studies) - Aug 2023 22 Aug, 2023
COVID, Long-COVID and Vitamin D in children - Review April 2023 09 Jul, 2023
Chronic tonsillitis virtually eliminated in children by Vitamin D (50,000 IU weekly) – RCT May 2023 20 May, 2023
Bladder infection and Vitamin D - many studies 17 May, 2023
Cost-effective to give Vitamin D to all children to prevent acute respiratory infection – April 2023 09 Apr, 2023
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome of COVID in Children 3X more likely if low Vitamin D – Feb 2023 22 Feb, 2023
Respiratory viral infection (RSV) and low vitamin D - many studies 18 Nov, 2022
Tripledemic: Flu, COVID, and RSV (all fought by Vitamin D) - Oct 2022 31 Oct, 2022
PICU layoffs due to pandemic lulls, but children are now getting 3 years of viral infection all at once – Oct 2022 31 Oct, 2022
COVID 5.5 X more likely to be severe if low Vitamin D (children in this case) – Oct 2022 28 Oct, 2022
Children and COVID - many studies 24 Oct, 2022
CDC advised to recommended annual COVID vaccination of all children over 6 months old – Oct 20, 2022 24 Oct, 2022
COVID kids were more likely to have a poor VDR (4.3 X), than low Vitamin D (2.6 X) – Sept 2022 29 Sep, 2022
Vitamin D associated with reduced COVID-19 risks in children - Grassroots Nov 2020 31 Aug, 2022
COVID children helped by Vitamin D, trial terminated: unethical to not give Vitamin D to all: – RCT July 2022 25 Jul, 2022
Increase in children with low vitamin D and with tibia fractures during COVID – June 2022 14 Jul, 2022
2.4 X fewer lower respiratory track infections in infants getting 400 IU of Vitamin D – May 2022 24 May, 2022
Remdesivir approved to treat COVID in Infants, yet Vitamin D is 3000 X more cost effective and widely used - April 2022 03 May, 2022
Risk factors for severe COVID in children are all related to low vitamin D (same as adults) - April 2022 27 Apr, 2022
Children with higher Vitamin D had less severe COVID (no surprise) – April 2022 20 Apr, 2022
Children have less severe COVID, but just as much long-haul as adults - April 2022 06 Apr, 2022
COVID children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome have less than 10 ng of vitamin D – March 2022 01 Mar, 2022
16,000 Physicians and Scientists Agree Kids Shouldn’t Get COVID Vaccine - Dec 15, 2021 16 Dec, 2021
Younger are much less likely to die of COVID than elderly (posters) - Nov 2021 21 Nov, 2021
COVID Vaccination trial for kids: 11 red flags - Oct 25, 2021 26 Oct, 2021
Severe childhood COVID-19 associated with Vitamin D deficiency (hospital in Turkey) – March 2021 29 Aug, 2021
Severe pediatric COVID 5.5 more likely if low vitamin D (review of 6 studies) -July 2021 08 Aug, 2021
8 of 10 pediatric COVID-19 infections were Vitamin D deficient (49 patients) – May 2021 08 Aug, 2021
Infant Respiratory Infections not reduced by mothers taking small amount of vitamin D (28,000 weekly)– RCT July 2021 03 Jul, 2021
Hospitalized children with COVID-19 and inflammation had lower vitamin D – March 2021 25 Apr, 2021
87 percent of children with COVID–19 had low vitamin D (small study) – Feb 2021 12 Feb, 2021
13 possible reasons why COVID-19 is less severe in children – Dec 1, 2020 03 Dec, 2020
Children with low vitamin D far more likely to hospitalized with COVID-19 – Oct 2020 06 Oct, 2020
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants reduced 5.9 X by daily 600 IU of vitamin D (China) - March 2020 07 Mar, 2020
Ear infections in children 3X more likely if poor vitamin D binding protein – July 2018 19 Jun, 2019
Urinary Tract Infection in children 4.8 X more likely if low Vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2019 02 Mar, 2019
Urinary Tract Infection in infants 5.6 X MORE likely if low Vitamin D, 3.3 X LESS likely if supplement – July 2016 02 Mar, 2019
Candida infections in PICU reduced by Vitamin D in yogurt – RCT Feb 2019 20 Feb, 2019
Middle ear infection (Otitis Media) and Vitamin D – many studies 04 Aug, 2018
Infection in first six months of life: White 69 percent, Black, 78 percent – Jan 2018 21 Jul, 2018
Sudden kidney infection in children was 9X more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor – July 2018 06 Jul, 2018
Respiratory infection in infant was 7 X more likely if low cord Vitamin D – March 2017 28 Sep, 2017
Infant infection reduced by half with vitamin D supplementation – RCT May 2016 26 Aug, 2017
Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children - associated with low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2014 16 Sep, 2016
Hypothesis – Multiple Sclerosis risk increases with low UV, viral infections, and antibiotics in childhood – March 2015 31 Aug, 2016
Respiratory tract infections in childhood – vitamin D is needed, no consensus of how much – Oct 2015 15 May, 2016
Low dose Vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy results in strange acute respiratory infection response – April 2015 24 Mar, 2015
Acute lower respiratory infection 5X more frequent with low vitamin D intake – June 2012 20 Mar, 2015
Newborn acute lower respiratory tract infection associated with low maternal vitamin D – March 2015 20 Mar, 2015
Respiratory Tract Infection visits 2.5 less likely with vitamin D: Pregnancy 2000 IU, Infant 800 IU – RCT Oct 2014 04 Oct, 2014
Largest cause of infant deaths is respiratory infections, which is associated with low vitamin D – April 2011 23 Jun, 2013
Many infant infections avoided with supplementation with 400 IU of vitamin D – Oct 2012 23 May, 2013

VitaminDWiki – Infant-Child category has 854 items and contains

Having a good level of vitamin D cuts in half the amount of:

Need even more IUs of vitamin D to get a good level if;

  • Have little vitamin D: premie, twin, mother did not get much sun access
  • Get little vitamin D: dark skin, little access to sun
  • Vitamin D is consumed faster than normal due to sickness
  • Older (need at least 100 IU/kilogram, far more if obese)
  • Not get any vitamin D from formula (breast fed) or (fortified) milk
    Note – formula does not even provide 400 IU of vitamin D daily

Infants-Children need Vitamin D


Attached files

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20203 Infection children meta_CompressPdf.pdf admin 08 Oct, 2023 537.68 Kb 67