Loading...
 
Toggle Health Problems and D

Nerve cells and Vitamin D – many studies

Vitamin D: The crucial neuroprotective factor for nerve cells - Sept 2024

Neuroscience 27 Sept 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.09.042 entire PDF behind a paywall
Yuxin Shi a b d 1, Yuchen Shi a b d 1, Rao Jie a, Jiawei He a b d, Zhaohui Luo a b c d, Jing Li a b d

Highlights_

  • Vitamin D plays an important role in the nervous system.
  • Vitamin D acts on neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system.
  • The occurrence of many neuropsychiatric diseases may also be related to abnormal brain function and neurological function caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Abstract
Vitamin D is well known for its role in regulating the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus as well as bone formation, and a growing number of studies have shown that vitamin D also has important roles in the nervous system, such as maintaining neurological homeostasis and protecting normal brain function, and that neurons and glial cells may be the targets of these effects. Most reviews of vitamin D’s effects on the nervous system have focused on its overall effects, without distinguishing the contributors to these effects. In this review, we mainly focus on the cells of the central nervous system, summarizing the effects of vitamin D on them and the related pathways. With this review, we hope to elucidate the role of vitamin D in the nervous system at the cellular level and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the direction of neuroprotection, myelin regeneration, and so on.

Introduction
Cells in the nervous system consist of neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the most basic structural and functional units of the nervous system, capable of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information. Recent studies have shown that the number of glial cells is roughly equal to that of neurons, and they play an important role in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the nervous system. There are three main types of glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS), which are oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells in descending order of their amount (von Bartheld et al., 2016). Over the past few decades, a large number of studies have demonstrated the significant effects of various vitamins on these cells, most notably vitamin D.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body as a sterol derivative. Vitamin D is either obtained from the diet (including vitamin D2 from plant sources and vitamin D3 from animal sources) or synthesized in the body from 7-dehydrocholesterol. Vitamin D is biologically active after two hydroxylations, i.e., 25-hydroxyvitamin D catalyzed by 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) in the liver and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D catalyzed by 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in the kidneys, and it exerts its effects through its action in organs and tissues, such as the small intestine, bone, and the kidneys (Dixon and Mason, 2009). The breakdown of vitamin D is catalyzed by the enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), which breaks down 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to the biologically inactive 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D, respectively (Jones et al., 2012).

There is growing evidence suggesting that vitamin D plays many roles in the nervous system in addition to its classically believed role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Altered vitamin D status has been shown to affect biological processes such as cytokine release, cell differentiation, protein expression, signaling, neurotransmitter release, and other biological processes in the nervous system (Cui and Eyles, 2022); which play a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and the use of vitamin D as a supplement has been shown to have a positive effect in several neurodegenerative diseases (Wang et al., 2023, Lasoń, 2023). Studies have shown that the central nervous system is an important target organ for vitamin D, and vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in the cerebral cortex, substantia nigra, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus of adults (Cui, 2013), and are mainly located in the nuclei of neurons and glia. Various cells in the central nervous system express either a nuclear receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), or a membrane receptor, protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), in response to vitamin D signaling (Landel, 2018), a response that may involve the activation of signaling molecules such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and c-Src (Chen, 2013). In addition to this, some of these cells can synthesize and catabolize vitamin D via CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 (Landel, 2018), and vitamin D stimulation also affects the levels of the above enzymes, altering local vitamin D metabolism (Smolders, 2013). Consequently, these cells may mediate the effects of vitamin D on the nervous system as described above. (Fig. 1).

In addition, vitamin D acts on a variety of immune-related cells of the nervous system, such as microglia and astrocytes (Menéndez and Manucha, 2024). On the one hand, these cells are an important part of the structure and function of the nervous system, and on the other hand, these cells also play an important role in regulating the immune microenvironment of the nervous system. Astrocytes and microglia also mediate interactions between the immune system and the CNS (Jo, 2015). Vitamin D promotes microglia to sense environmental changes, respond to noxious stimuli, and engulf debris and apoptotic neurons. In addition, vitamin D promotes the release of soluble factors from microglia as well as astrocytes that inhibit neuroinflammation (Menéndez and Manucha, 2024). Thus regulating the neuroimmune microenvironment.

Considering that nerve cells play an important role in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, vitamin D can affect the nervous system through nerve cells (Lasoń, 2023). In this review, we discuss the effects of vitamin D on different nerve cells in the central nervous system and its related pathways of action and explore the possibility of improving the function of nerve cells through vitamin D supplementation as a means of alleviating patients' symptoms and improving their prognosis. From the perspective of different nerve cells, we intend to provide some insights into the future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Section snippets
Effects of vitamin D on neuron
Studies have shown that vitamin D may play an important role in neuronal activity, affecting normal physiological functions such as differentiation, maturation, and death of neurons, and that its sites of action include synapses, neurites, and others.
Effects of vitamin D on microglia and the neuroimmune environment…

Neuroinflammation is a basic immune response characterized by increased glial cell activation, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered blood–brain barrier permeability, and peripheral leukocyte invasion to protect the brain from injury….

Microglia, as important immune cells in the central nervous system, are involved in neuroinflammatory responses. Unlike other cells in the central nervous system, microglia and peripheral macrophages share a common origin and have a strong…

Effects of vitamin D on astrocyte and the neuroimmune environment…
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), where they perform a wide range of homeostatic functions, such as providing support to other CNS resident cells by buffering excess neurotransmitters and regulating synaptic and blood–brain barrier (BBB) functions (Endo, 2022). Astrocytes also play a variety of roles in CNS inflammation (Giovannoni and Quintana, 2020).
Stimulates by a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, such as inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1b…

Effects of vitamin D on oligodendrocyte
Promoting myelin repair and regeneration has been shown to be the most significant effect of vitamin D on oligodendrocytes (Gomez-Pinedo, 2020), and the great potential of vitamin D to regulate oligodendrocyte function has been demonstrated by researches related to their ferroptosis (Cai, 2022)….

Vitamin D and neurological disorders
In recent years, the role of vitamin D in brain development and nervous system development and function has been gradually confirmed by a large number of studies. In addition to the direct effects on various nerve cells mentioned above, vitamin D is also closely related to the permeability and integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) (de Oliveira, 2020). Studies have shown that VDR-deficient microglia are more pro-inflammatory and secrete more TNF-α and IFN-γ. These inflammatory cytokines…

Future perspectives
From the above studies, it can be seen that in all types of cells in the central nervous system, vitamin D can ultimately improve the cell survival state and the ability to cope with external stimuli through a variety of pathways, including the reduction of neuroinflammation, the decrease of oxidative stress, and the increase of neurotrophic factors, thus affecting the maintenance of homeostasis of the central nervous system by the neuronal cells and fulfilling its neuroprotective effects（Fig. 7…

152 References

1.Agnello, L. ∙ Ciaccio, M. Neurodegenerative diseases: from molecular basis to therapy - Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23
2.Ahmed, Z. ...,Identification and quantification of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease - Brain Pathol. 2013; 23:263-273
3.Ali, A. ...,Vitamin D exerts neuroprotection via SIRT1/nrf-2/ NF-kB signaling pathways against D-galactose-induced memory impairment in adult mice - Neurochem Int. 2021; 142, 104893
4.Al-Otaibi, K.M. ...,Therapeutic effect of combination vitamin D3 and siponimod on remyelination and modulate microglia activation in cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis - Front Behav Neurosci. 2022; 16:1068736
5.Bayat, M. ...,Co-treatment of vitamin D supplementation with enriched environment improves synaptic plasticity and spatial learning and memory in aged rats - Psychopharmacology. 2021; 238:2297-2312
6.Bayo-Olugbami, A. ...,Vitamin D attenuated 6-OHDA-induced behavioural deficits, dopamine dysmetabolism, oxidative stress, and neuro-inflammation in mice - Nutr Neurosci. 2022; 25:823-834
7.Berlato, C. ...,Involvement of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 as a mediator of the inhibitory effects of IL-10 on lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation - J Immunol. 2002; 168:6404-6411
8.Bivona, G. ...,The role of Vitamin D as a biomarker in alzheimer's disease - Brain Sci. 2021; 11
9.Boontanrart, M. ...,Vitamin D3 alters microglia immune activation by an IL-10 dependent SOCS3 mechanism
J Neuroimmunol. 2016; 292:126-136
10.Brann, D.W. ...,Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of estrogen: basic mechanisms and clinical implications
Steroids. 2007; 72:381-405
11.Brunner, C. ...,Differential ultrastructural localization of myelin basic protein, myelin/oligodendroglial glycoprotein, and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase in the CNS of adult rats
J Neurochem. 1989; 52:296-304
12.Cai, Y. ...,Vitamin D suppresses ferroptosis and protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway - Transl Pediatr. 2022; 11:1633-1644
13.Calvello, R. ...,Vitamin D treatment attenuates neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an animal model of parkinson's disease, shifting M1 to M2 microglia responses - J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2017; 12:327-339
14.Cataldi, S. ...,Effect of Vitamin D in HN9.10e embryonic hippocampal cells and in hippocampus from MPTP-induced parkinson's disease mouse model - Front Cell Neurosci. 2018; 12:31
15.Chai, B. ...,Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis
BMC Neurol. 2019; 19:284
16.Chen, J. ...,Plasma membrane Pdia3 and VDR interact to elicit rapid responses to 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3)
Cell Signal. 2013; 25:2362-2373
17.Colonna, M. ∙ Butovsky, O.
Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration
Annu Rev Immunol. 2017; 35:441-468
18.Cui, X. ...,The vitamin D receptor in dopamine neurons; its presence in human substantia nigra and its ontogenesis in rat midbrain
Neuroscience. 2013; 236:77-87
19.Cui, X. ...,Vitamin D regulates tyrosine hydroxylase expression: N-cadherin a possible mediator
Neuroscience. 2015; 304:90-100
20.Cui, C. ...,Vitamin D receptor activation influences NADPH oxidase(NOX(2)) activity and protects against neurological deficits and apoptosis in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017; 2017:9245702
21.Cui, C. ...,Vitamin D receptor activation regulates microglia polarization and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin II-exposed microglial cells: Role of renin-angiotensin system
Redox Biol. 2019; 26, 101295
22.Cui, C. ...,Calcitriol confers neuroprotective effects in traumatic brain injury by activating Nrf2 signaling through an autophagy-mediated mechanism
Mol Med. 2021; 27:118
23.Cui, P. ...,Microglia/macrophages require vitamin D signaling to restrain neuroinflammation and brain injury in a murine ischemic stroke model
J Neuroinflammation. 2023; 20:63
24.Cui, X. ∙ Eyles, D.W.
Vitamin D and the central nervous system: causative and preventative mechanisms in brain disorders
Nutrients. 2022; 14
25.Dawson, M.R. ...,NG2-expressing glial progenitor cells: an abundant and widespread population of cycling cells in the adult rat CNS
Mol Cell Neurosci. 2003; 24:476-488
26.de Oliveira, L.R.C. ...,Calcitriol prevents neuroinflammation and reduces blood-brain barrier disruption and local macrophage/microglia activation -Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:161
27.de Siqueira, E.A. ...,Vitamin D3 actions on astrocyte cells: A target for therapeutic strategy in Parkinson's disease?
Neurosci Lett. 2023; 793, 136997
28.DeLuca, G.C. ...,Review: the role of vitamin D in nervous system health and disease
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2013; 39:458-484
29.Dixon, K.M. ∙ Mason, R.S.Vitamin D- Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009; 41:982-985
30.Djukic, M. ...,Vitamin D deficiency decreases survival of bacterial meningoencephalitis in mice
J Neuroinflammation. 2015; 12:208
31.Dubois-Dalcq, M. ...,Emergence of three myelin proteins in oligodendrocytes cultured without neurons
J Cell Biol. 1986; 102:384-392
32.Dulla, Y.A. ...,Regulatory mechanisms of Vitamin D(3) on production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglial BV-2 cells
Neurochem Res. 2016; 41:2848-2858
33.
Ekici, F. ∙ Ozyurt, B. ∙ Erdogan, H.
The combination of vitamin D3 and dehydroascorbic acid administration attenuates brain damage in focal ischemia
Neurol Sci. 2009; 30:207-212
34.
El-Sawaf, E.S. ...,Vitamin D and rosuvastatin obliterate peripheral neuropathy in a type-2 diabetes model through modulating Notch1, Wnt-10α, TGF-β and NRF-1 crosstalk
Life Sci. 2021; 279, 119697
35.
Emanuelsson, I. ...,Expression and regulation of CYP17A1 and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cells of the nervous system: Potential effects of vitamin D on brain steroidogenesis
Neurochem Int. 2018; 113:46-55
36.
Endo, F. ...,Molecular basis of astrocyte diversity and morphology across the CNS in health and disease
Science. 2022; 378
(116)
37.
Enkhjargal, B. ...,Intranasal administration of vitamin D attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption through endogenous upregulation of osteopontin and activation of CD44/P-gp glycosylation signaling after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017; 37:2555-2566
38.
Evans, M.A. ...,Vitamin D(3) supplementation reduces subsequent brain injury and inflammation associated with ischemic stroke
Neuromolecular Med. 2018; 20:147-159
39.
Eyles, D. ...,Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters the expression of genes encoding mitochondrial, cytoskeletal and synaptic proteins in the adult rat brain
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007; 103:538-545
40.
Fullard, M.E. ∙ Duda, J.E.
A review of the relationship between vitamin D and parkinson disease symptoms
Front Neurol. 2020; 11:454
41.
Furman, I. ∙ Baudet, C. ∙ Brachet, P.
Differential expression of M-CSF, LIF, and TNF-alpha genes in normal and malignant rat glial cells: regulation by lipopolysaccharide and vitamin D
J Neurosci Res. 1996; 46:360-366
42.
Garcion, E. ...,Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase during rat brain inflammation: regulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Glia. 1998; 22:282-294
43.
Gifondorwa, D.J. ...,Vitamin D and/or calcium deficient diets may differentially affect muscle fiber neuromuscular junction innervation
Muscle Nerve. 2016; 54:1120-1132
44.
Giovannoni, F. ∙ Quintana, F.J.
The role of astrocytes in CNS inflammation
Trends Immunol. 2020; 41:805-819
45.
Glass, C.K. ...,Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration
Cell. 2010; 140:918-934
46.
Gómez-Oliva, R. ...,Vitamin D deficiency as a potential risk factor for accelerated aging, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive decline: a role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Aging(Albany NY). 2020; 12:13824-13844
47.
Gomez-Pinedo, U. ...,Vitamin D increases remyelination by promoting oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation
Brain Behav. 2020; 10:e01498
48.
Gooch, H. ...,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D modulates L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in a subset of neurons in the developing mouse prefrontal cortex
Transl Psychiatry. 2019; 9:281
(0)
49.
Goss, J.R. ...,Astrocytes are the major source of nerve growth factor upregulation following traumatic brain injury in the rat
Exp Neurol. 1998; 149:301-309
(0)
50.
Gu, G. ...,Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by regulating microglia/macrophage polarization
Cell Biosci. 2023; 13:23
(10)
51.
Guiney, S.J. ...,Ferroptosis and cell death mechanisms in Parkinson's disease
Neurochem Int. 2017; 104:34-48
(265)
52.
Guo, X. ...,Calcitriol alleviates global cerebral ischemia-induced cognitive impairment by reducing apoptosis regulated by VDR/ERK signaling pathway in rat hippocampus
Brain Res. 2019; 1724, 146430
(23)
53.
Hafiz, A.A.
The neuroprotective effect of vitamin D in Parkinson's disease: association or causation
Nutr Neurosci. 2024; 27:870-886
(0)
54.
Hansson, E. ∙ Skiöldebrand, E.
Anti-inflammatory effects induced by ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine in combination with ultralow concentrations of sildenafil(Viagra) and vitamin D3 on inflammatory reactive brain astrocytes
PLoS One. 2019; 14:e0223648
(2)
55.
Hardy, R. ∙ Reynolds, R.
Proliferation and differentiation potential of rat forebrain oligodendroglial progenitors both in vitro and in vivo
Development. 1991; 111:1061-1080
56.
He, J. ...,Vitamin D inhibits the Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor in microglial cells
Immunol Res. 2017; 65:913-919
(5)
57.
Hu, Z. ...,VDR activation attenuate cisplatin induced AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis
Cell Death Dis. 2020; 11:73
(174)
58.
Huang, J.K. ...,Retinoid X receptor gamma signaling accelerates CNS remyelination
Nat Neurosci. 2011; 14:45-53
(423)
59.
Hur, J. ...,Regulatory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on nitric oxide production in activated microglia
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014; 18:397-402
(30)
60.!!! INVALID CITATION !!! 11.
61.
Jagannath, V.A. ...,Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 9
62.
Jhelum, P. ...,Ferroptosis mediates cuprizone-induced loss of oligodendrocytes and demyelination
J Neurosci. 2020; 40:9327-9341
(110)
63.
Jhelum, P. ...,Ferroptosis induces detrimental effects in chronic EAE and its implications for progressive MS
Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2023; 11:121
(13)
64.
Jiang, H. ...,Vitamin D protects against traumatic brain injury via modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway-mediated microglial polarization and neuroinflammation
Biomed Res Int. 2022; 2022:3363036
(12)
65.
Jiang, X. ∙ Stockwell, B.R. ∙ Conrad, M.
Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease
Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2021; 22:266-282
(2734)
66.
Jiao, K.P. ...,Vitamin D3 repressed astrocyte activation following lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro and in neonatal rats
Neuroreport. 2017; 28:492-497
(24)
67.
Jo, W.K. ...,Glia in the cytokine-mediated onset of depression: fine tuning the immune response
Front Cell Neurosci. 2015; 9:268
(0)
68.
Jones, G. ∙ Prosser, D.E. ∙ Kaufmann, M.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase(CYP24A1): its important role in the degradation of vitamin D
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012; 523:9-18
(408)
69.
Kaltschmidt, C. ∙ Kaltschmidt, B. ∙ Baeuerle, P.A.
Stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors activates transcription factor NF-kappa B in primary neurons
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995; 92:9618-9622
(284)
70.
Karthikeyan, A. ...,MicroRNAs: Key Players in Microglia and Astrocyte Mediated Inflammation in CNS Pathologies
Curr Med Chem. 2016; 23:3528-3546
(88)
71.
Karussis, D.
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review
J Autoimmun. 2014; 48–49:134-142
(255)
72.
Kasatkina, L.A. ...,Vitamin D deficiency induces the excitation/inhibition brain imbalance and the proinflammatory shift
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2020; 119, 105665
(36)
73.
Kempuraj, D. ...,Neuroinflammation induces neurodegeneration
J Neurol Neurosurg Spine. 2016; 1
74.
Khosravi-Largani, M. ...,A review on potential roles of vitamins in incidence, progression, and improvement of multiple sclerosis
eNeurologicalSci. 2018; 10:37-44
(31)
75.
Klein, R.S. ∙ Garber, C. ∙ Howard, N.
Infectious immunity in the central nervous system and brain function
Nat Immunol. 2017; 18:132-141
(151)
76.
Kouba, B.R. ∙ Camargo, A. ∙ Rodrigues, A.L.S.
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: potential beneficial effects of vitamin D
Metab Brain Dis. 2023; 38:819-829
(6)
77.
Landel, V. ...,Differential expression of vitamin D-associated enzymes and receptors in brain cell subtypes
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018; 177:129-134
(93)
78.
Lasoń, W. ...,Vitamin D3 and ischemic stroke: a narrative review
Antioxidants(basel). 2022; 11
79.
Lasoń, W. ...,The Vitamin D receptor as a potential target for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases
A Narrative Review. Cells. 2023; 12
80.
Lassmann, H.
Multiple sclerosis pathology
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018; 8
(513)
81.
Latimer, C.S. ...,Vitamin D prevents cognitive decline and enhances hippocampal synaptic function in aging rats
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014; 111:E4359-E4366
(172)
82.
Lazzara, F. ...,1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) protects retinal ganglion cells in glaucomatous mice
J Neuroinflammation. 2021; 18:206
(18)
83.
Lee, P.W. ...,Neuron-specific Vitamin D signaling attenuates microglia activation and CNS autoimmunity
Front. Neurol. 2020; 11
(25)
84.
Lee, P.W. ...,Neuron-specific Vitamin D signaling attenuates microglia activation and CNS autoimmunity
Front Neurol. 2020; 11:19
(25)
85.
Lee, H.G. ...,Neuroinflammation: An astrocyte perspective
Sci Transl Med. 2023; 15
(22)
86.
Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, C. ...,Vitamin D3 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production by the EOC13 microglial cell line
J Neurosci Res. 2003; 71:575-582
(0)
87.
Levine, J.M. ∙ Reynolds, R. ∙ Fawcett, J.W.
The oligodendrocyte precursor cell in health and disease
Trends Neurosci. 2001; 24:39-47
(588)
88.
Li, N. ...,Vitamin D promotes remyelination by suppressing c-Myc and inducing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation after traumatic spinal cord injury
Int J Biol Sci. 2022; 18:5391-5404
(14)
89.
Li, Y. ...,1,25–D3 attenuates cerebral ischemia injury by regulating mitochondrial metabolism via the AMPK/AKT/GSK3β pathway
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022; 14:1015453
90.
Li, Y. ...,1,25–D3 attenuates cerebral ischemia injury by regulating mitochondrial metabolism via the AMPK/AKT/GSK3beta pathway
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022; 14:1015453
(6)
91.
Liddelow, S.A. ...,Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Nature. 2017; 541:481-487
(4715)
92.
Lisakovska, O. ...,Brain vitamin D(3)-auto/paracrine system in relation to structural, neurophysiological, and behavioral disturbances associated with glucocorticoid-induced neurotoxicity
Front Cell Neurosci. 2023; 17:1133400
(2)
93.
Luan, W. ...,Developmental Vitamin D(DVD) deficiency reduces nurr1 and TH expression in post-mitotic dopamine neurons in rat mesencephalon
Mol Neurobiol. 2018; 55:2443-2453
(26)
94.
Magee, J.C. ∙ Grienberger, C.
Synaptic plasticity forms and functions
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2020; 43:95-117
(318)
95.
Martín Giménez, V.M. ∙ Reiter, R.J. ∙ Manucha, W.
Multidrug nanoformulations of vitamin D, anandamide and melatonin as a synergistic treatment for vascular inflammation
Drug Discov Today. 2023; 28, 103539
(0)
96.
Mashayekhi, F. ∙ Salehi, Z.
Administration of vitamin D3 induces CNPase and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein expression in the cerebral cortex of the murine model of cuprizone-induced demyelination
Folia Neuropathol. 2016; 54:259-264
(13)
97.
Matías-Guíu, J. ...,Vitamin D and remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Neurologia(engl Ed). 2018; 33:177-186
(0)
98.
Mayne, P.E. ∙ Burne, T.H.J.
Vitamin D in synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric illness
Trends Neurosci. 2019; 42:293-306
(108)
99.
Mazahery, H. ...,Vitamin D and autism spectrum disorder: a literature review
Nutrients. 2016; 8:236
100.
Mazzetti, S. ...,Astrocytes expressing Vitamin D-activating enzyme identify Parkinson's disease
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2022; 28:703-713
(10)
101.
McGrath, J.J. ...,Vitamin D3-implications for brain development
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004; 89–90:557-560
(119)
102.
Menéndez, S.G. ∙ Manucha, W.
Vitamin D as a modulator of neuroinflammation: implications for brain health
Curr Pharm Des. 2024; 30:323-332
103.
Menéndez, S.G. ∙ Manucha, W.
Vitamin D as a modulator of neuroinflammation: implications for brain health
Curr Pharm Des. 2024;
(1)
104.
Molinari, C. ...,Role of combined lipoic acid and Vitamin D3 on astrocytes as a way to prevent brain ageing by induced oxidative stress and iron accumulation
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019; 2019:2843121
(38)
105.
Morello, M. ...,Vitamin D improves neurogenesis and cognition in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease
Mol Neurobiol. 2018; 55:6463-6479
(0)
106.
Morris-Rosendahl, D.J. ∙ Crocq, M.A.
Neurodevelopmental disorders-the history and future of a diagnostic concept
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2020; 22:65-72
(0)
107.
Neveu, I. ...,1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates the synthesis of nerve growth factor in primary cultures of glial cells
Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994; 24:70-76
(0)
108.
Neveu, I. ...,1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates NT-3, NT-4 but not BDNF mRNA in astrocytes
Neuroreport. 1994; 6:124-126
109.
Niu, J. ...,Aberrant oligodendroglial-vascular interactions disrupt the blood-brain barrier, triggering CNS inflammation
Nat Neurosci. 2019; 22:709-718
(133)
110.
Nobuta, H. ...,Oligodendrocyte death in pelizaeus-merzbacher disease is rescued by iron chelation
Cell Stem Cell. 2019; 25:531-541.e6
(0)
111.
Obradovic, D. ...,Cross-talk of vitamin D and glucocorticoids in hippocampal cells
J Neurochem. 2006; 96:500-509
(0)
112.
Papastefanaki, F. ∙ Matsas, R.
From demyelination to remyelination: the road toward therapies for spinal cord injury
Glia. 2015; 63:1101-1125
(89)
113.
Pertile, R.A.N. ...,Vitamin D: A potent regulator of dopaminergic neuron differentiation and function
J Neurochem. 2023; 166:779-789
(16)
114.
Pertile, R.A. ∙ Cui, X. ∙ Eyles, D.W.
Vitamin D signaling and the differentiation of developing dopamine systems
Neuroscience. 2016; 333:193-203
(102)
115.
Qiao, J. ...,Vitamin D alleviates neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion via enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway to counteract NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2023; 82:722-733
(6)
116.
Raha, S. ...,Vitamin D2 suppresses amyloid-β 25–35 induced microglial activation in BV2 cells by blocking the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway
Life Sci. 2016; 161:37-44
(29)
117.
Ransohoff, R.M.
A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?
Nat Neurosci. 2016; 19:987-991
(1110)
118.
Rastegar-Moghaddam, S.H. ...,Anti-apoptotic and neurogenic properties in the hippocampus as possible mechanisms for learning and memory improving impacts of vitamin D in hypothyroid rats during the growth period
Life Sci. 2023; 312, 121209
(3)
119.
Ribeiro, M.C. ...,Vitamin D supplementation rescues aberrant NF-κB pathway activation and partially ameliorates rett syndrome phenotypes in Mecp2 mutant mice
eNeuro. 2020; 7
(14)
120.
Rocha, S.
Targeted drug delivery across the blood brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease
Curr Pharm Des. 2013; 19:6635-6646
(41)
121.
Sadeghian, N. ...,Calcitriol protects the Blood-Brain Barrier integrity against ischemic stroke and reduces vasogenic brain edema via antioxidant and antiapoptotic actions in rats
Brain Res Bull. 2019; 150:281-289
(27)
122.
Şahin, S. ...,Vitamin D protects against hippocampal apoptosis related with seizures induced by kainic acid and pentylenetetrazol in rats
Epilepsy Res. 2019; 149:107-116
(29)
123.
Sanchez, B. ...,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration to 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats increases glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and partially restores tyrosine hydroxylase expression in substantia nigra and striatum
J Neurosci Res. 2009; 87:723-732
(102)
124.
Sayeed, I. ...,Vitamin D deficiency increases blood-brain barrier dysfunction after ischemic stroke in male rats
Exp Neurol. 2019; 312:63-71
(36)
125.
Sharma, A. ∙ Couture, J.
A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)
Ann Pharmacother. 2014; 48:209-225
(0)
126.
Shen, D. ...,Ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells mediates white matter injury after hemorrhagic stroke
Cell Death Dis. 2022; 13:259
(28)
127.
Shirazi, H.A. ...,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances neural stem cell proliferation and oligodendrocyte differentiation
Exp Mol Pathol. 2015; 98:240-245
(122)
128.
Shirazi, H.A. ...,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through both immunomodulation and oligodendrocyte maturation
Exp Mol Pathol. 2017; 102:515-521
(0)
129.
Ślusarczyk, J. ...,Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathways via tianeptine treatment-suppressed microglia polarization to the M1 phenotype in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultures
Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19
(96)
130.
Smolders, J. ...,Expression of vitamin D receptor and metabolizing enzymes in multiple sclerosis-affected brain tissue
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2013; 72:91-105
(0)
131.
Su, S.B. ...,TLR10: Insights, controversies and potential utility as a therapeutic target
Scand J Immunol. 2021; 93:e12988
(31)
132.
Tan, X. ...,Vitamin D(3) alleviates cognitive impairment through regulating inflammatory stress in db/db mice
Food Sci Nutr. 2021; 9:4803-4814
(5)
133.
Tang, Y. ∙ Le, W.
Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases
Mol Neurobiol. 2016; 53:1181-1194
(1484)
134.
Taniura, H. ...,Chronic vitamin D3 treatment protects against neurotoxicity by glutamate in association with upregulation of vitamin D receptor mRNA expression in cultured rat cortical neurons
J Neurosci Res. 2006; 83:1179-1189
(128)
135.
Tsai, H.H. ...,Oligodendrocyte precursors migrate along vasculature in the developing nervous system
Science. 2016; 351:379-384
(299)
136.
Verma, R. ∙ Kim, J.Y.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 facilitates M2 polarization and upregulates TLR10 expression on human microglial cells
Neuroimmunomodulation. 2016; 23:75-80
(39)
137.
von Bartheld, C.S. ∙ Bahney, J. ∙ Herculano-Houzel, S.
The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain: A review of 150 years of cell counting
J Comp Neurol. 2016; 524:3865-3895
(641)
138.
Wang, C. ...,Vitamin D receptor activation in microglia suppresses NOX2-mediated oxidative damage via PAT1 in vitro and in vivo
Clin Transl Med. 2023; 13:e1187
139.
Wang, W. ∙ Li, Y. ∙ Meng, X.
Vitamin D and neurodegenerative diseases
Heliyon. 2023; 9:e12877
(31)
140.
Waxman, S.G.
Demyelination in spinal cord injury
J Neurol Sci. 1989; 91:1-14
Abstract
(142)
141.
Wen, L. ...,The m6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes LPS-induced microglia inflammation through TRAF6/NF-κB pathway
Neuroreport. 2022; 33:243-251
(66)
142.
Wingerchuk, D.M. ...,The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica
Lancet Neurol. 2007; 6:805-815
(1888)
143.
Won, S. ...,Vitamin D prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced blood-brain barrier disruption via vitamin D receptor-mediated NF-kB signaling pathways
PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0122821
144.
Ye, X. ...,The synaptic and circuit functions of Vitamin D in neurodevelopment disorders
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023; 19:1515-1530
145.
Yim, A. ∙ Smith, C. ∙ Brown, A.M.
Osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein-1 harnesses glial-, immune-, and neuronal cell ligand-receptor interactions to sense and regulate acute and chronic neuroinflammation
Immunol Rev. 2022; 311:224-233
146.Yin, G., Effects of Vitamin D Receptor in Opcs Ferroptosis and White Matter Lesion in Hippocampus of Mice with Vascular Cognitive Impairment. 2022, Naval Medical University.
147.
Yuan, J. ...,M2 microglia promotes neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from neural stem/progenitor cells via the PPARγ signaling pathway
Oncotarget. 2017; 8:19855-19865
148.
Zhang, W.Y. ...,Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D and 17ß-estradiol against ovariectomy-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like state: Role of the AMPK/NF-κB pathway
Int Immunopharmacol. 2020; 86, 106734
149.
Zhang, X. ...,VDR regulates BNP promoting neurite growth and survival of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons through cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
Cells. 2022; 11
150.
Zhang, Q.W. ...,Vitamin D may play a vital role in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the ferroptosis signaling pathway
Horm Metab Res. 2023;
151.
Zhao, G. ...,Nerve growth factor pretreatment inhibits lidocaine-induced myelin damage via increasing BDNF expression and inhibiting p38 mitogen activation in the rat spinal cord
Mol Med Rep. 2017; 16:4678-4684
152.
Zhou, K.L. ...,Effects of calcitriol on experimental spinal cord injury in rats
Spinal Cord. 2016; 54:510-516

12+ VitaminDWiki pages have NERV OR NEURO in the title

The list is automatically updated

Items found: 13

VitaminDWiki – Cognitive category contains:

Very brief summary of Cognitive decline
Treatment : Vitamin D intervention slows or stops progression
Prevention : Many observational studies - perhaps Vitamin D prevents
Omega-3 both prevents and treats cognition
Wonder the benefits if both Vitamin D AND Omega-3 were to be used
Dementia page - 50 items

391 items in Cognition category

see also Overview Alzheimer's-Cognition and Vitamin D
Overview Parkinson's and Vitamin D

Studies in both categories of Cognition and:
Cardiovascular (8 studies), Genetics (9 studies), Vitamin D Receptor (16 studies), Omega-3 (52 studies), Intervention (20 studies), Meta-analyses (22 studies), Depression (24 studies), Parkinson's (24 studies)
Click here for details

Poor cognition 26 percent more likely if low Vitamin D (29 studies) – meta-analysis July 2017
Every schizophrenia measure was improved when vitamin D levels were normalized – June 2021
Cognitive Impairment and Dementia often associated with low Vitamin D – April 2020
IQ levels around the world are falling (perhaps lower Vitamin D, Iodine, or Omega-3)
Search VitaminDWiki for "WHITE MATTER" 325 items as of March 2023

Types of evidence that Vitamin D helps brain problems - 2014
https://vitamindwiki.com/tiki-index.php?page_id=8392

Multiple Sclerosis 32 percent less likely among those with more than 32 ng of vitamin D – Dec 2019 contains

UV and Sunshine reduces MS risk

Other things also help

High Dose Vitamin D and cofactors

Number of MS studies which are also in other categories

  • 22 studies in Genetics - genes can restrict Vitamin D getting to the blood and to the cells
  • 14 studies in Vitamin D Receptor - gene which restricts D from getting to the cells
  • 7 studies in Vitamin D Binding Protein - gene which restricts D from getting to the cells
  • 21 studies in Ultraviolet light - may be even better than Vitamin D in preventing and treating MS
  • 9 studies in Omega-3 - which helps Vitamin D prevent and treat MS

VitaminDWiki – Autism category contains:

Autism category has 165 items

 - see also Overview Autism and vitamin D,  Autoimmune ,   Cognitive,    ADHD
Interesting Autistic studies
Autism associated with low Vitamin D

Autism TREATED by Vitamin D

Autism PREVENTED by vitamins before and during pregnancy

Autism and Vitamin D Receptor (not enough Vit D gets to the cells)
This list is automatically updated

Autism - other risk factors

6 Autism and Virus/Vaccines

Dr. Cannell on Autism and Vitamin D in VitaminDWiki

7 studies: Autism reduced by Omega-3

VitaminDWiki – Overview Alzheimer's-Cognition and Vitamin D contains:

VitaminDWiki – Depression contains

Some recent publications

VitaminDWiki – Stroke category contains

131 items in stroke category - see also Overview Stroke and vitamin D,
Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D  Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D

Stroke more likely if low Vitamin D

Post-Stroke worse if low Vitamin D

Post-Stroke better if add Vitamin D

Post-Stroke better if Vitamin D actually gets to cells

11 studies in both categories of Depression and Stroke

This list is automatically updated

VitaminDWiki – Overview Epileptic children and Vitamin D category contains

Fact: Anti-epilepsy drugs lower vitamin D levels
Fact: Epilepsy 5X more likely if preterm birth (low vitamin D)
Fact: Preterm greatly decreased if add vitamin D and/or Omega-3
Fact: Vitamin D supplementation increases Vitamin D levels
Recommendation: Epileptics should take vitamin D to:
    Reduce the number of seizures (restore vitamin D then take a maintenance dose of at least 5,000 IU daily)
   Avoid having health problems associated with low vitamin D, such as low bone density
1 study: Epileptics have low vitamin D levels before starting treatment
Epilepsy = 4,000 years of ignorance, superstition and stigma
   followed by 100 years of knowledge, superstition and stigma.




Nerve cells and Vitamin D – many studies        
2306 visitors, last modified 15 Dec, 2024,
Printer Friendly Follow this page for updates
Depression 264 Autism 155 Cognitive 389 Stroke 129 Spinal Cord 20 Epilepsy 16
Page actions
Print
Edit