Fractures 1.5 X more-likely if low serum Magnesium – meta-analysis March 2023

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Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1304; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061304
by Ligia J. Dominguez 1,2,*,Nicola Veronese 1ORCID,Stefano Ciriminna 1,José Luis Pérez-Albela 3,Vania Flora Vásquez-López 3,Santiago Rodas-Regalado 3,Giovanna Di Bella 1,Angela Parisi 1,Federica Tagliaferri 1 andMario Barbagallo 1ORCID
1 Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
2 Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
3 Instituto Bien de Salud, Lima 15036, Peru

Magnesium, an essential cation for numerous cellular processes, is a major component of bone. However, its relationship with the risk of fractures is still uncertain. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the impact of serum Mg on the risk of incident fractures. A systematic search was conducted using several databases including PubMed/Medline and Scopus from inception to 24 May 2022, including observational studies investigating serum Mg and the incidence of fractures considered as outcomes. Abstract and full-text screenings, data extractions, and risk of bias assessments were conducted by two investigators independently. Any inconsistencies were resolved by consensus with a third author. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the study quality/risk of bias. Among 1332 records initially screened, 16 were retrieved as full-texts; of them, four papers were included in the systematic review with a total of 119,755 participants.
We found that lower serum Mg concentrations were associated with a significantly higher risk of incident fractures (RR = 1.579; 95%CI: 1.216–2.051; p = 0.001; I2 = 46.9%). Our systematic review with meta-analysis suggests a strong association of serum Mg concentrations with incident fractures. Further research is needed to confirm our results among other populations and to assess whether serum Mg is potentially relevant in the prevention of fractures, which continue to increase and represent a significant health burden due to the associated disability.

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VitaminDWiki - 6 studies in both categories Falls/Fractures and Magnesium

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VitaminDWiki - 10 studies in both categories Bone and Magnesium

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VitaminDWiki - Overview Magnesium and vitamin D Has a venn diagram of relationship of Mg and Vit D

	Magnesium	not Magnesium
Vitamin D	Magnesium or Vitamin D Aging, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease; Asthma, Attention Deficit Disorder, Autism, Cancer, Cerebrovascular, Chronic Fatigue, Diabetes, Hearing Loss, Heart Disease, Heart Attack, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease, HIV, AIDS; Hypertension; Kidney Stones, Migraine Headache, Multiple Sclerosis, Obesity, Osteoporosis, Peripheral vascular disease; Pregnancy-related problems, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sports-related problems,	Vitamin D only Acne, Allergy, Autoimmune, Bone, Breathing, Celiac, Cognition, Colds and Flu, Cystic Fibrosis, Dental, Fertility, hyperparathyroid, Immunity, Kidney, Liver, Lupus, Osteoarthritis, Pain - chronic, Parkinson, Psoriasis, Rickets, Strokes, Sarcoidosis, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Tuberculosis, Vision, Hair, Skin, Sports
Not Vitamin D	Magnesium only Aggressive Behavior, Alcoholism, Arrhythmia, Cerebral Palsy, Chemical Sensitivity, Cluster Headaches; Cocaine-related Stroke; Constipation, Cramps, Fluoride Toxicity, Head Injuries, Central Nervous System Injuries, Magnesium Deficiency; Menopause, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Nystagmus, Psychiatric Disorders; Repetitive Strain Injury, Sickle Cell Disease, SIDS, Stress, Stuttering, Tetanus; Tinnitus, Sound Sensitivity; TMJ; Toxic Shock; Violence	Neither ALL OTHER DISEASES

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VitaminDWiki – Falls and Fractures category contains

• 258 items in FALLS and FRACTURES
• Vitamin D and Calcium cost-effectively reduce falls and fractures – April 2019
• see also Overview Seniors and Vitamin D
  • Overview Fractures and Falls and Vitamin D
  • Overview Fractures and vitamin D
  • Muscles and Vitamin D - many studies

Falls

• Fall prevention - Vitamin D is one of the ways - umbrella review Jan 2024
• Deaths due to falls doubled in just a decade (age-adjusted, perhaps decreased vitamin D) – June 2019
• Preventing Falls in Older Adults – Vitamin D combination is the best - JAMA Meta-analysis Nov 2017
• Falls cut in half by 100,000 IU vitamin D monthly - RCT 2016
• Falls reduced by a third if achieved 40 ng level vitamin D– RCT Sept 2018
  • Note: It took 6 months to get to that level. Most trials last only 3 months
• Vitamin D prevents falls – majority of meta-analyses conclude – meta-meta analysis Feb 2015
• Falls reduced by Vitamin D: 13 percent reduction if more than 700 IU – review of 38 trials – Aug 2022

Left hand column section as of Nov 2024

Fracture

• Hip fractures are predicted by 10 factors – low Vitamin D is the biggest – Aug 2023
• Vitamin D and fractures – 24 meta-analyses and counting – Dec 2014
• Low trauma bone fractures in seniors – considering Vitamin D loading dose for all, without testing – Nov 2019
• Vitamin K (any amount and any kind) reduced bone fractures by 24 percent – meta-analysis – May 2019
• 77+ Hip fracture items in VitaminDWiki title   Click here for details examples:
  • Risk of Hip fracture cut in half if Vitamin D was prescribed - Aug 2023
  • Call to action: Vitamin D to prevent of treat hip fracture (50,000 weekly for 8 weeks, then bi-weekly) – Holick July 2020