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1.77 nmol response to 100 IU of Vitamin D (46 RCTs) – meta-analysis Sept 2023

Meta-Analysis of European Clinical Trials Characterizing the Healthy-Adult Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplementation

Nutrients. 2023 Sep 14;15(18):3986. doi: 10.3390/nu15183986.
Manuel Rupprecht 1 2, Stefan Wagenpfeil 3, Jakob Schöpe 3, Reinhold Vieth 4, Thomas Vogt 1, Jörg Reichrath 1

Clinical Trials
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Dose Response - adjusted

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Figure 7. Estimation of serum 25(OH)D concentration reasonably assured for adults taking the doses used in European clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation using cholecalciferol (circles) or calcidiol (triangles). The data points shown in this scatter plot each show the values of the mean minus 2 SD for serum 25(OH)D in all vitamin D studies included in this meta-analysis versus the daily doses of vitamin D in those studies. That is, each data point represents the lowest serum 25(OH)D value estimated for the study’s daily dose.

To obtain reliable data that allow health authorities to re-evaluate recommendations for oral vitamin D uptake, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in healthy adults in Europe. Of the publications identified (n = 4005) in our literature search (PUBMED, through 2 January 2022), 49 primary studies (7320 subjects, 73 study arms) were eligible for inclusion in our meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool based on seven categories, according to which each study is rated using three grades, and overall was rated as rather low. The median duration of intervention was 136.78 days (range, 1088 days); the mean weighted baseline 25(OH)D concentration and mean age were 33.01 vs. 33.84 nmol/L and 46.8 vs. 44.8 years in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively. Using random-effects models, 25(OH)D levels were increased by 36.28 nmol/L (95% CI 31.97-40.59) in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo, with a relative serum increment of 1.77 nmol/L per 2.5 μg of vitamin D daily. Notably, the relative serum 25(OH)D increment was affected by various factors, including the dosage and baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration, decreasing with increasing vitamin D doses and with increasing baseline serum levels. We estimate that supplementation in all healthy adults in Europe with appr. 25 μg of vitamin D (1000 IU) daily would raise serum 25(OH)D levels in 95% of the population to ≥50 nmol/L. Our work provides health authorities with reliable data that can help to re-evaluate recommendations for oral vitamin D supplementation.
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1,000 IU should raise most European adults to >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL)

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Items found: 190
Title Modified
Factors that increase Vitamin D response for the GRH cohort - Jan 2023 17 Dec, 2024
Psoriasis and Eczema Respond Well to Vitamin D Treatment (India) - Renu Oct 2023 27 Oct, 2024
Weekly Vitamin D better than daily – lower cost, less pill burden, perhaps 1.5X better response – meta-analysis Oct 2024 14 Oct, 2024
Dietary fat increased Vitamin D response by 32% – RCT Feb 2015 10 Sep, 2024
Obese women had larger response to oral v.s. injected Vitamin D – Jan 2024 03 Sep, 2024
Children had a better response to Vitamin D given every 2 weeks than daily – RCT Aug 2024 15 Aug, 2024
Vitamin D targets 61 Immune system genes (based on response to 80,000 IU) – July 2024 05 Aug, 2024
1 year to respond to monthly Calcifediol – June 2024 20 Jun, 2024
50,000 IU Vitamin D once every 2 weeks – response was 34 ng – RCT April 2017 12 Jun, 2024
Some ICU patients got 540,000 IU of Vitamin D: good responders lived longer than controls or poor responders – RCT June 2024 07 Jun, 2024
Response to Vitamin D – 25% high, 24% low (ignores other than genes) – July 2024 02 Jun, 2024
Vitamin D response varies from resistance that increases through life to hypersensitivity – May 2024 09 May, 2024
Oral Vitamin D had a bigger response that injection in obese women - Jan 2024 02 Feb, 2024
People with Multiple Sclerosis have blunted responses to Vitamin D supplementation - Jan 2024 17 Jan, 2024
Vitamin D response: 800 IU: 20 ng, 3200 IU: 45 ng – RCT March 2012 06 Jan, 2024
Beans etc, can cut in half the response to fat-soluble Vitamin D and K - June 2019 01 Jan, 2024
Vitamin D response in post-menopausal women: weekly better than monthly, notice benefit in 3 months – Jan 2021 23 Dec, 2023
1.77 nmol response to 100 IU of Vitamin D (46 RCTs) – meta-analysis Sept 2023 16 Dec, 2023
Autistics have half of the response to Vitamin D – RCT Oct 2018 08 Nov, 2023
Vitamin D given daily, weekly, or monthly has similar response (116 RCTs) – meta-analysis Aug 2023 02 Oct, 2023
Response to Vitamin D fortification varies from 1 to 10 nmol per 100 IU daily – review Aug 2023 18 Sep, 2023
V-safe - 7% had emergency medical after vaccination - CDC response, cancel V-safe - Sept 2023 07 Sep, 2023
Smoking does not decrease response to monthly Vitamin D – RCT July 2020 03 Aug, 2023
Vitamin D response independent of dosing interval – meta-analysis July 2023 03 Aug, 2023
Gene variants can reduce Vitamin D response by 1.7X (14,000 IU daily, Multiple Sclerosis) – Dec 2021 15 Jul, 2023
Vitamin D that dissolves in mouth helps those having poor response due to poor guts, HSCT etc.- June 2023 08 Jun, 2023
Response to infant 2,000 IU Vitamin D daily was in 194 ng, monthly dosing was 20% less – RCT May 2023 17 May, 2023
Fast responses to Vitamin D – loading dose, nanoemulsion and Calcifediol – April 2023 15 Apr, 2023
Response to Vitamin D - many studies 07 Apr, 2023
No response to vitamin D 7X more likely if poor CYP24A1 or VDBP genes - Feb 2023 11 Feb, 2023
Vitamin D non-responders may have one or more poor genes: GC, LIPC, CYP24A1, and PDE3B – Oct 2022 10 Feb, 2023
Poor CYP2R1 gene reduces blood response to Vitamin D supplementation – Aug 2019 10 Feb, 2023
CYP2R1 gene reduces response to Vitamin D - many studies 10 Feb, 2023
Antibody response to COVID vaccination appears independent of Vitamin D levels – Nov 2021 07 Dec, 2022
Vitamin D spray results in bigger response than drops – Jan 2021 07 Dec, 2022
The vitamins and minerals that help the immune system respond to respiratory viruses – Dec 2022 06 Dec, 2022
Colorectal Cancer – vitamin D did not help (too small of a response) – RCT Oct 2022 29 Oct, 2022
Responses to 3600 IU Vitamin D or Calcifediol – Oct 2022 05 Oct, 2022
No response to Vitamin D was 11 X more likely to have if poor Binding gene – Sept 2022 27 Sep, 2022
Australia’s COVID Response resulted in 31 X more life years lost than were saved - Sept 2022 26 Sep, 2022
Poor or no response to vitamin D was associated with poor genes (cystic fibrosis, 4 genes) Sept 2022 07 Sep, 2022
Better response 6 months after Pfizer vaccinations if higher vitamin D – Aug 2022 27 Aug, 2022
Vitamin D improves Sinovac vaccine (fast innate response) - July 2022 24 Aug, 2022
Better response to shingles virus after 6,400 IU Vitamin D raised above 40 ng – Jan 2021 20 Aug, 2022
Cancers are associated with low vitamin D, poor vaccination response and perhaps poor VDR – July 2022 15 Aug, 2022
Surgeries often deplete Vitamin D - 300,000 IU resulted in little response – Nov 2018 02 Aug, 2022
Multiple Sclerosis treated by Vitamin D (includes dose-response) - July 2022 11 Jul, 2022
Wheezing and asthmatic children have weaker Vitamin D responses - May 2022 19 May, 2022
Short-term response to 1,000 IU of Vitamin D tripled in obese when Magnesium was added – RCT April 2022 17 May, 2022
Response to 1,000 IU of vitamin D daily for 6 months – 40 percent above 30 ng (small study) – Feb 2022 26 Apr, 2022
COVID vaccination: 29 percent higher antibody response if more than 20 ng of vitamin D – March 2022 23 Mar, 2022
Response to Vitamin D varies with genes (3,000 IU, weight loss in this RCT) – March 2022 22 Mar, 2022
Responses by healthy individuals to 2,000 IU vitamin D daily – Feb 2022 03 Feb, 2022
COVID, influenza, hepatitis B, measles, etc. vaccine responses vary with Vitamin D and its receptor 08 Dec, 2021
On-line Vitamin D response simulation – July 2021 24 Oct, 2021
Stoss (loading) dose of vitamin D resulted in bigger response at 30 days (again) – RCT April 2021 14 Oct, 2021
Reasons for low response to vitamin D 22 Sep, 2021
Vitamin D injections should not be used if fast response is needed (COVID-19 in this case) 02 Sep, 2021
Vitamin D, C, A, and E, as well as Iron, Se, and Zinc each augment vaccine response – July 2021 20 Jul, 2021
Poor response to Asthma inhaler if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Dec 2019 01 Jul, 2021
Parathyroid response to Vitamin D among obese 27 Jun, 2021
Based on PTH response, obese adolescents may not need and much vitamin D as non-obese (12 ng vs 16.5 ng) – June 2021 12 Jun, 2021
Poor response to vitamin D supplementation if poor level of B Vitamins (rats in this case) March 2021 22 May, 2021
Cytomegalovirus downregulates Vitamin D receptor, but tissues respond by increasing production – Sept 2016 19 May, 2021
Overweight elderly respond well to 3600 IU Vitamin D daily for a year – RCT May 2021 07 May, 2021
Vaccine response improved by Vitamin D (Shingles in this case) – Jan 2021 06 May, 2021
Hemodialysis associated with very poor mRNA response (wonder if low vitamin D) – March 26, 2021 31 Mar, 2021
Response to vitamin D increased 30 percent with Magnesium - Nov 2018 07 Mar, 2021
Poor protein binding gene associated with poor Vitamin D response – RCT Nov 2019 02 Mar, 2021
Boron improves magnesium absorption and may help vitamin D non-responders – Aug 2015 25 Feb, 2021
Response to weekly Calcifediol in 4 months - RCT Aug 2022 03 Feb, 2021
Weekly response to semi-activated vitamin D slightly better than standard – RCT Nov 2019 21 Jan, 2021
Obese children had 2.2 X less response to a single dose of Vitamin D – Oct 2020 14 Oct, 2020
Response to 150,000 IU vitamin D once vs 5,000 IU daily – RCT May 2014 10 Jul, 2020
Those with Asthma or COPD had half the response to Vitamin D – March 2020 19 Mar, 2020
Response to Vitamin D increased if take Magnesium and Vitamin K2 – Grassroots March 2020 10 Mar, 2020
Response by obese to weekly 50,000 IU of Vitamin D – May 2018 12 Feb, 2020
Less response to 800 IU of Vitamin D by Africans than natives in Finland – RCT March 2018 25 Dec, 2019
Increased Vitamin D response if take cofactors, etc 05 Nov, 2019
UV helped EAE mice (MS) designed to not respond to Vitamin D – Oct 2019 23 Oct, 2019
Sublingual vitamin D gave similar response as oral for most, and better for some – RCT Sept 2019 17 Oct, 2019
Poor ovarian response (poor IVF) associated with low vitamin D – Sept 2019 28 Sep, 2019
Obese responded to weekly vitamin D better than non-obese – RCT March 2018 22 Aug, 2019
Poor responses to UV and Vitamin D were correlated to just 4 poor genes – June 2019 19 Jul, 2019
Response to Vitamin D varied by 12 ng due to gene variants (CYP2R1) – Aug 2019 15 Jun, 2019
Single dose of Vitamin D as gummies resulted in higher blood response than hard tablets – May 2019 07 May, 2019
Sepsis reduced the Omega-3 response and half life – April 2019 14 Apr, 2019
Poor Vitamin D response 4X more likely if poor Vitamin D binding proteins - July 2019 09 Apr, 2019
25 minutes of daily sun provided less than half of the response as 500 IU of vitamin D (Korea) – RCT March 2019 26 Mar, 2019
Response to UV varies more with pigment genes and age than skin color – Jan 2019 24 Mar, 2019
Response to UV varies more with pigment genes and age than skin color – Feb 2019 24 Mar, 2019
Vitamin D Nutrigenomics - High, Medium, and Low Responders - March 2019 22 Mar, 2019
Decreased response to vitamin D in white children having poor Vitamin D binding gene – Feb 2019 20 Mar, 2019
Monthly Vitamin D had a 20 percent better response than quarterly – small RCT April 2019 06 Mar, 2019
Vitamin D response time is 3-6 months, not much benefit in first 4 months – RCT July 2017 17 Feb, 2019
Poor Vitamin D binding had 30 percent less response to Vitamin D (50,000 IU weekly) – Feb 2019 04 Feb, 2019
Fat loss, etc. if respond well to 3 years of Vitamin K2 (MK-7, 180 ug) – RCT Jan 2018 09 Jan, 2019
Respond to daily Vitamin D in 2-12 months 07 Jan, 2019
7 ng less response by Multiple Sclerosis patients to 5,000 IU of vitamin D – Aug 2015 30 Dec, 2018
2 month response time to Vitamin D (Grassroots Health) 08 Dec, 2018
Response to Vitamin D varies with Vitamin D Binding Protein gene – RCT May 2018 06 Jun, 2018
Poor response to Osteoporosis medicine (risedronate) if vitamin D less than 16 ng – May 2018 09 May, 2018
No genetic response to 4,000 IU of Vitamin D (other studies disagree) – RCT April 2018 15 Apr, 2018
Vitamin D – individual responses to 100,000 IU – March 2017 11 Feb, 2018
Monthly vitamin D dosing had higher response than 3 per month – RCT Jan 2018 28 Jan, 2018
Multiple Sclerosis patients need more vitamin D to get same blood level response – Aug 2015 27 Jan, 2018
Vitamin D injection helped migrants a bit, but some had poor or even negative responses – Dec 2017 19 Jan, 2018
Vitamin D injection of 300,000 IU helped a bit, but many had a very small response – Dec 2017 19 Jan, 2018
Vitamin D injection of 600,000 IU (response by 10 individuals)– Sept 2017 29 Dec, 2017
10 reasons for poor response to Vitamin D (race, binding protein, etc.) – Nov 2017 24 Dec, 2017
Inflammation and immune responses to Vitamin D (perhaps need to measure active vitamin D) – July 2017 22 Nov, 2017
Low response to vitamin D for some people – genes are one of the causes – Nov 2014 22 Nov, 2017
Response to a large dose of vitamin D (80,000 IU) typically varied by 2 X – June 2016 14 Nov, 2017
Monsanto banned from EU parliament (they refused to respond to Glosophate safety questions) – Oct 2017 10 Oct, 2017
Estrogen contraception pill doubled the response to 1,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Sept 2017 04 Sep, 2017
Immune response was poor in mice and humans with low vitamin D and low vitamin A – May 2015 17 Aug, 2017
Vitamin D daily or weekly dosing resulted in similar response -RCT Jan 2016 20 Jul, 2017
Huge variation in response to vitamin D supplementation – personal vitamin D response index – Dec 2016 27 Jun, 2017
Vitamin D responses to as much as 15,000 IU per day – Feb 2017 20 Jun, 2017
Spray and oral forms of 3000 IU vitamin D provide similar long-term response – RCT Oct 2016 20 May, 2017
Overview Vitamin D Dose-Response 19 Apr, 2017
UVB 50 percent more response in obese than normal weight (other study disagrees) – Feb 2017 02 Mar, 2017
UVB 50 percent more response in obese than normal weight (yet response to Vitamin D is 50 percent less) – Feb 2017 28 Feb, 2017
Critically ill injected with 300,000 IU of vitamin D, 3X more likely to die if PTH did not respond - RCT July 2015 22 Jan, 2017
Vitamin D injection lasts longer and has bigger response than weekly oral – Jan 2017 24 Dec, 2016
Graph of weekly response to monthly vitamin D supplementation – Aug 2015 17 Sep, 2016
RF from mobile phones reduced immune response in rats, unless they had vitamin D – Sept 2016 10 Sep, 2016
Burn patients have little vitamin D and uncertain response to supplementation – Dec 2014 04 Sep, 2016
Response to Vitamin D - Grassroots 01 Sep, 2016
Response to Vitamin D: summary chart of 8 studies – March 2013 01 Sep, 2016
Large variability in response to UV (more than response to oral Vitamin D) – March 2016 22 Jun, 2016
Large variability in response to UVB (similar to that of oral Vitamin D) – March 2016 22 Jun, 2016
Large variability in response of people to UVB (similar to that to oral Vitamin D) – March 2016 22 Jun, 2016
Dengue fever immune response and micronutrients (vitamins D, E, A, and Zinc, Iron, Chromium) – Nov 2015 11 Jun, 2016
Immune response to respiratory viruses – vitamin D connection – review May 2015 17 May, 2016
3X variation in response to dose of vitamin D – meta-analysis June 2012 24 Apr, 2016
PTH boosts immune response when vitamin D levels are low – May 2012 29 Mar, 2016
CYP2R1 and GC variations decrease vitamin D response – PHD thesis Nov 2015 18 Feb, 2016
Pigs have about 2X less variation in response to calcidiol as humans do to vitamin D – 2015 07 Dec, 2015
Vitamin D response reduced if taken with Calcium – meta-analysis Oct 2015 01 Dec, 2015
Response to Vitamin D supplementation – July 2015 25 Nov, 2015
How you might double your response to vitamin D 31 Oct, 2015
600,000 vitamin D loading doses – good response to both oral and muscular – Oct 2015 13 Oct, 2015
Different response by Vitamin D Receptor to Vitamin D vs Vit. D analogs – Sept 2015 24 Sep, 2015
If at high risk of vitamin D deficiency, get a higher response if take more Magnesium – Sept 2013 12 Sep, 2015
Response to 1000 IU of vitamin D varies by about 4 percent due to gene variants – RCT July 2014 09 Aug, 2015
More muscle response when have adequate vitamin D 27 Jul, 2015
Familial Mediterranean fever – poor response to colchicine if low vitamin D – June 2015 13 Jun, 2015
CYP2R1 gene probably responsible for low vitamin D response – RCT April 2014 02 Jun, 2015
Better response to Inflammatory Bowel Disease drug if more than 30 ng of vitamin D – March 2014 18 Apr, 2015
Anorexia nervosa patients have low vitamin D levels, but respond well to supplementation – Meta-analysis Nov 2014 15 Apr, 2015
Vitamin D-binding protein controls T cell responses to vitamin D in the lab – Sept 2014 01 Apr, 2015
Low dose Vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy results in strange acute respiratory infection response – April 2015 24 Mar, 2015
Obese need 2X as much vitamin D to get the same response – June 2012 14 Mar, 2015
Is too much vitamin D bad (U-shaped response) – possible causes and cures 10 Mar, 2015
Response and adverse effects of 20,000 and 30,000 IU Vitamin D weekly - Feb 2015 09 Mar, 2015
24 ng lower response to Vitamin D due to obesity, low initial Vitamin D, and genetics – RCT Feb 2015 24 Feb, 2015
Genes are one of the reasons for low response to vitamin D – Nov 2014 24 Feb, 2015
Some people need more vitamin D to get the same response – perhaps due to genes – Nov 2014 24 Feb, 2015
Activation (methylation) of CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 predict response to dose of vitamin D – Oct 2013 24 Feb, 2015
89 percent of respondents were aware that vitamin D had health benefits – Jan 2014 23 Jan, 2015
Transdermal Magnesium Chloride spray - variable responses, removed toxic metals - 2010 21 Jan, 2015
Solutions if have poor response to conventional vitamin D 14 Dec, 2014
Immune System response of infants is associated with higher levels of vitamin D – RCT Nov 2014 08 Nov, 2014
How to predict response to a vitamin D dose – RCT April 2014 06 Nov, 2014
Not as much dark skin vitamin D response from single UV dose (no surprise) – Oct 2013 13 Aug, 2014
Dose response equations for Vitamin D 02 Aug, 2014
Response to vitamin D dose, overview of 25 studies - Feb 2014 02 Aug, 2014
Similar response to Vitamin D supplements by senior white and black women – Feb 2013 08 May, 2014
U-shaped response to vitamin D – possible causes 24 Apr, 2014
Response to high dose vitamin D is limited by vitamin A - July 2013 13 Apr, 2014
Hearts responded to stress better after 5,000 IU of vitamin D for a month - March 2014 11 Mar, 2014
Hypothesis: Low vitamin D is responsible for many recent increases in health problems 01 Jan, 2014
Hypothesis: Magnesium accounts for some of the variation in vitamin D response – Oct 2013 16 Nov, 2013
40 percent less likely to get adequate vitamin D response if have certain genes – Jan 2013 10 Sep, 2013
Increased D levels responsible for Dead Sea therapy – May 2011 16 Aug, 2013
Response to vitamin D related to DBP and CYP2RI genes – Aug 2013 10 Aug, 2013
Response to Vitamin D3 varied with rs4588, D2 less response than D3 and did not change – April 2013 13 Jul, 2013
Higher BMI decreased response to 700 IU vitamin D – RCT 2008 26 Feb, 2013
Difference in Fok gene reduced response to vitamin D by 35 percent – Nov 2012 17 Nov, 2012
Response by Masterjohn on vitamin A thwarting vitamin D – Mar 2010 26 Oct, 2012
Is Vitamin D Supplementation Responsible for the Allergy Pandemic – May 2012 27 Jun, 2012
Metabolites and genes may predict responses to Calcium and Vitamin D – Jan 2011 24 Jun, 2012
40 ng response plateau to 2000 to 4,000 IU of vitamin D – June 2012 19 Jun, 2012
More response to 1100 IU vitamin D in cold season or less BMI – May 2012 15 May, 2012
IOM finally responds to Endocrine Society on Vitamin levels – March 2012. 25 Mar, 2012
Miss Ohio Teen USA on responsible tanning 29 Sep, 2010
Genetics Determines Vitamin D Response 19 Aug, 2010
Hormesis: response to dose may not be linear 16 Jun, 2010
Would be nice to capture and share vitamin D dose /response / benefit information 24 May, 2010
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1.77 nmol response to 100 IU of Vitamin D (46 RCTs) – meta-analysis Sept 2023        
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20187 Dose Response.jpg admin 05 Oct, 2023 43.13 Kb 90
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20185 Meta RCT Europe_CompressPdf.pdf admin 05 Oct, 2023 513.64 Kb 84