Osteosarcopenic obesity (obese with low bone and muscle mass) twice as likely if low vitamin D – Oct 2016

Two articles on this page

Association of serum vitamin D with osteosarcopenic obesity: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle; First published: 5 October 2016 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12154
Jinhee Kim, Yunhwan Lee, Seunghee Kye, Yoon-Sok Chung, Okhee Lee

 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Background: Serum vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with individual components of body composition. However, the relationship between serum vitamin D and combined indices of adverse body composition is largely unknown. This cross-sectional study examined the association between serum vitamin D and osteosarcopenic obesity in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: We analysed the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (IV and V) conducted in 2008–2010, consisting of 5908 (2485 men, 3423 women) aged = 50 years. Serum vitamin D levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, and body composition was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The association between serum vitamin D levels and the number of abnormalities in body composition, including osteosarcopenic obesity, a low bone and muscle mass with concurrent high fat mass, was analysed by multinomial logistic regression adjusting for covariates.

Results: In men, after controlling for covariates, higher vitamin D levels were associated with a significantly reduced likelihood of the number of phenotypes of adverse body composition (P for trend < 0.05). Those in the highest tertile group of serum vitamin D levels, compared with those in the lowest tertile, were less likely to have adverse body composition, numbering

• one (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49, 0.92),
• two (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.73), and
• three (osteosarcopenic obesity; OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.67).

In women, those in the highest tertile group of serum vitamin D levels, compared with those in the lowest tertile, were less likely to have osteosarcopenic obesity (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.93). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) in men was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of a higher number of adverse body composition, especially for osteosarcopenic obesity (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.03). Vitamin D deficient women, compared with those having normal levels of serum vitamin D, were also more likely to demonstrate osteosarcopenic obesity (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.05).

Conclusions: A high serum vitamin D level in mid- and late-life was associated with reduced odds of multiple adverse body composition, especially osteosarcopenic obesity, suggesting potential health benefits of maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D.

---

Osteosarcopenic obesity: the role of bone, muscle, and fat on health.

J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014 Sep;5(3):183-92. doi: 10.1007/s13539-014-0146-x. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
Ormsbee MJ1, Prado CM, Ilich JZ, Purcell S, Siervo M, Folsom A, Panton L.
1Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, 120 Convocation Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-1493, USA, mormsbee at fsu.edu.

Osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity are commonly observed in the process of aging, and recent evidence suggests a potential interconnection of these syndromes with common pathophysiology. The term osteosarcopenic obesity has been coined to describe the concurrent appearance of obesity in individuals with low bone and muscle mass. Although our understanding of osteosarcopenic obesity's etiology, prevalence, and consequences is extremely limited, it is reasonable to infer its negative impact in a population that is aging in an obesogenic environment. It is likely that these individuals will present with poorer clinical outcomes caused by the cascade of metabolic abnormalities associated with these changes in body composition. Clinical outcomes include but are not limited to increased risk of fractures, impaired functional status (including activities of daily living), physical disability, insulin resistance, increased risk of infections, increased length of hospital stay, and reduced survival. These health outcomes are likely to be worse when compared to individuals with obesity, sarcopenia, or osteopenia/osteoporosis alone. Interventions that utilize resistance training exercise in conjunction with increased protein intake appear to be promising in their ability to counteract osteosarcopenic obesity.

PMID: 24740742 PMCID: PMC4159494 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-014-0146-x
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Vitamin D not mentioned