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Magnesium raised Vitamin D, lowered blood pressure and Ca to Mg ratio – RCT Sept 2024

Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome

Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics DOI 10.5414/CP204677 PDF behind paywall
Sophia Kisters1, Klaus Kisters k.kisters at dialyse-herne.de 2,3,4, Tanja Werner4, Jürgen Vormann4, Faruk Tokmak3,4, Timm Westhoff5, Uwe Gröber4,6, Hans-Georg Predel7, Hannes Reuter8,9
1 University Dental Clinic, Cologne, 2 Medical University Policlinic, Münster, 3 Operasan Dialysis Center, Herne, 4 Society for Magnesium Research, Tutzing, 5 Medical Clinic 1 , Marienhospital, Herne, Ruhr University, Bochum, 6 Academy for Mikronutrients, Essen, 7 Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University, 8 Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, EVK Cologne Weyertal, and 9 University Hypertension Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

Introduction: Recent data show that magnesium supplementation decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure values depending on the blood pressure levels and improves metabolic parameters in cardiovascular disease.

Materials and methods: In this context, we conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study on serum and ionized magnesium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, interleukin-6, vitamin D, and metabolic profile in 27 patients (13 male/14 female, age: 60.2 ± 12.5 years) with metabolic syndrome. All patients received 400 mg of oral magnesium supplementation daily. Parameters were measured before and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. 27 patients served as controls without additional magnesium treatment (10 male/17 female, age: 64.6 ± 13.2 years).

Results: There was no significant change in serum magnesium after 6 and 12 weeks of magnesium supplementation and in controls.
Ionized magnesium significantly increased from 0.56 ± 0.05 to up to 0.63 ± 0.08 mmol/L (mean ± SD) (p < 0.01).
The ionized Ca++/Mg++ ratio was significantly increased at baseline in about 32% of all patients; after 12 weeks of magnesium supplementation, the Ca++/Mg++ ratio decreased significantly from 2.32 ± 0.22 to 2.04 ± 0.24 at the end of the study (mean ± SD, p < 0.05).
In the magnesium-treated group, there was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values after 12 weeks

  • systolic: 134.6 ± 6.8 to 126.3 ± 5.6 mmHg,
  • diastolic: 84.1 ± 3.9 to 79.4 ± 1.6 mmHg (mean ± SD) (p < 0.01).

Additional magnesium supplementation decreased interleukin-6 values significantly from 4.94 ± 3.30 to 4.53 ± 6.89 pg/mL after 6 weeks to 3.01 ± 1.32 pg/mL after 12 weeks (mean ± SD) (p < 0.01).
In the control group, interleukin-6 was 3.73 ± 4.36 pg/mL before the start of the supplementation, 4.87 ± 4.35 pg/mL after 6 weeks, and 4.41 ± 3.15 pg/mL after 12 weeks (means ± SD) (n.s.).
In patients receiving magnesium supplementation,

  • vitamin D levels significantly improved from 17.93 ± 8.96 to 24.41 ± 10.20 ng/mL (mean ± SD) (p < 0.05).

HbA1c and serum cholesterol values improved under magnesium therapy, but the improvement did not reach significance. For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney-U-Test was used.

Conclusion: Using supplementation with 400 mg magnesium for 12 weeks in patients with metabolic syndrome, ionized magnesium concentrations significantly increased, while serum magnesium did not change significantly. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values decreased significantly in the magnesium-treated group. Magnesium supplementation also significantly decreased interleukin-6 levels and increased vitamin D in patients. HbA1c and cholesterol levels improved with magnesium supplementation, but the improvement did not reach significance. The anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium as well as anti-arteriosclerotic effects of magnesium therapy are beneficial for patients with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.


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VitaminDWiki – Calcium to Magnesium Ratio - many studies

24+ VitaminDWiki Magnesium pages have Calcium in the title

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Items found: 25
Title Modified
Vitamin D, minerals (Mg, Ca, K, Phosphate, Na, Fe, Zn, Cl, Se) and health – 15 studies 2024 05 Feb, 2025
Magnesium raised Vitamin D, lowered blood pressure and Ca to Mg ratio – RCT Sept 2024 09 Oct, 2024
Less Calcification if less Calcium or more Vitamin K, Magnesium, etc. - many studies 26 May, 2024
During pregnancy the levels of Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Calcium drop – Nov 2022 01 Dec, 2022
You are probably unaware that health needs a Ca-Mg ratio of 2 – Sept 2022 26 Sep, 2022
Calcium to Magnesium Ratio - many studies 08 Aug, 2022
COVID death 6.9X less likely if high Magnesium to Calcium ratio – April 2022 20 Apr, 2022
Increased dental decay if take Calcium without Magnesium – Feb 2020 22 Feb, 2020
Vitamin D and Calcium do not increase bone density (also need exercise, Mg, K2, protein etc.) – RCT Aug 2019 28 Aug, 2019
Colon cancer 25 percent less likely if consume Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, etc.– Nov 2018 18 Dec, 2018
Decrease Calcium and Increase Magnesium when increasing vitamin D 30 Sep, 2018
Constipation - Magnesium, Calcium and cofactors 15 Aug, 2018
Colorectal Cancer risk increases 1.6 X if high Calcium, low Magnesium and a poor gene – Sept 2007 18 Jun, 2018
Mineral adsorption and Vitamin D (Magnesium, Calcium, etc) - 2011 16 Mar, 2018
Healthy bones need: Calcium, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Silicon, Vitamin K, and Boron – 2012 22 Oct, 2017
Interactions between Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Calcium – April 2016 26 Oct, 2016
Is a health problem associated with Low vitamin D, Low Magnesium, or too much Calcium – Jan 2016 18 Jan, 2016
Breast cancer associated with high Calcium AND low vitamin D - April 2015 23 Jun, 2015
Stronger bones after 3 generations of tap water (more Ca and Mg) vs bottled water – March 2015 12 Apr, 2015
Supplements survey: Fish oil 1st, Vitamin D 4th, Magnesium 6th, Calcium 7th - March 2015 01 Mar, 2015
Weight loss and Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium 14 Mar, 2014
Magnesium may be more important to kids’ bone health than calcium – May 2013 28 Nov, 2013
400 IU of vitamin D Magnesium and Calcium helped Twin bones – Feb 2011 12 May, 2013
Calcium 2X of Magnesium seems good – China Feb 2013 01 Apr, 2013
Calcium in food increased much more than Magnesium in recent decades April 2010 14 May, 2010

VitaminDWiki - 10 studies in both categories Magnesium and Metabolic Syndrome

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145+ VitaminDWiki Magnesium pages have VITAMIN D in the title

The list is automatically updated

Items found: 151
Title Modified
Vitamin D, minerals (Mg, Ca, K, Phosphate, Na, Fe, Zn, Cl, Se) and health – 15 studies 2024 05 Feb, 2025
Diseases at high risk if just low Vitamin D, low (D and Mg), low (D and Omega-3) – Perplexity AI Jan 2025 30 Jan, 2025
Many of the minerals needed for health are Vitamin D cofactors - Jan 2025 26 Jan, 2025
Restless Legs Syndrome - Vitamin D, Iron, etc. - many studies 19 Jan, 2025
Factors that increase Vitamin D response for the GRH cohort - Jan 2023 17 Dec, 2024
Low Magnesium is associated with low Vitamin D – Jan 2025 16 Dec, 2024
Vitamin D Roles - more than just help the immune system 08 Dec, 2024
Cofactors are needed when taking high-dose vitamin D - video Nov 2024 07 Nov, 2024
As Breast Cancer get worse, both Vitamin D and Magnesium crash – Oct 2024 03 Nov, 2024
Magnesium raised Vitamin D, lowered blood pressure and Ca to Mg ratio – RCT Sept 2024 09 Oct, 2024
Vitamin D, Omega-3, and Magnesium are synergistic - many studies 14 Sep, 2024
How Vitamin D, Magnesium, Omega-3 and Zinc prevent and treat COVID-19 etc. – June 2021 01 Aug, 2024
Top 3 Supplements to Regenerate Stem Cells and Live Longer (Vitamin D, Omega-3, Magnesium) - video July 2024 06 Jul, 2024
These 3 supplements are a no brainer (Vitamin D, Magnesium, Omega-3) - video July 2024 05 Jul, 2024
Retinopathy in males 6.9 X more likely if low vitamin D and low Magnesium - June 2024 27 Jun, 2024
Fluoridation results in lower IQ, Magnesium, and Vitamin D - many studies 01 May, 2024
Long-COVID 3.1 X more likely if insufficient amounts of Magnesium and Vitamin D – March 2024 24 Mar, 2024
Longevity experts take Vitamin D, Omega-3, and Magnesium - Patrick video Sept 2023 10 Nov, 2023
How Vitamin D, Omega-3s, and Exercise May Increase Longevity - Patrick Nov 2023 10 Nov, 2023
Muscles improved in women with 50,000 IU vitamin D weekly (8 weeks) plus daily Magnesium – RCT Sept 2020 16 Sep, 2023
Low cost cofactors for vitamin D 18 Jul, 2023
Headache with vitamin D may mean you need Magnesium 18 Jul, 2023
Cluster headaches virtually eliminated in 7,000 people with high-dose vitamin D and cofactors - Feb 2022 16 Jul, 2023
Hypothesis – Fatigue the day after sex is due to deficiency of Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Zinc 13 Jul, 2023
Overview Magnesium and vitamin D 12 Jul, 2023
Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies 11 Jul, 2023
COVID-19 1.8 X more likely if proton pump inhibitor (decreases Mg and Vitamin D) – Aug 2020 09 Jul, 2023
Magnesium is vital to Vitamin D in 4 places (maybe 8) – March 2018 28 Mar, 2023
increased Periodontal Disease risk if low Vitamin D, Magnesium, Omega-3 - GRH March 2023 20 Mar, 2023
Tinnitus is treated by Magnesium and perhaps Zinc or Vitamin D 05 Mar, 2023
COVID appears to be treated by many antioxidants (Vitamins D, C, E, K, and Quercetin, Curcumin, etc) – Jan 2023 01 Feb, 2023
High fluoride in water: 5X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient – Jan 2023 28 Jan, 2023
During pregnancy the levels of Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Calcium drop – Nov 2022 01 Dec, 2022
ADHD significantly treated by daily Magnesium plus weekly Vitamin D – RCT April 2021 30 Nov, 2022
Magnesium increases Vitamin D and decreases mortality - 2013 08 Oct, 2022
Intracellular Magnesium and Vitamin D - a few studies 24 Jun, 2022
Magnesium and Vitamin D - pre-colon cancer – RCT Dec 2018 13 Jun, 2022
Hypertension reduced by Magnesium plus 3,000 IU of vitamin D for 12 weeks – RCT July 2022 12 Jun, 2022
Exercise Performance improved by Vitamin D or Magnesium – 2021 05 Jun, 2022
Anxiety, depression, and suicide have recently surged (Note: Vitamin D, Omega-3, and Magnesium help) – May 2022 29 May, 2022
Short-term response to 1,000 IU of Vitamin D tripled in obese when Magnesium was added – RCT April 2022 17 May, 2022
500 mg of Magnesium for 8 weeks increased Vitamin D by 4 ng – July 2020 06 May, 2022
COVID treatment patent applied for - using Rutin, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Magnesium, etc. – April 2022 01 May, 2022
Nitric oxide increased by UVA, Vitamin D, Magnesium, etc, 29 Apr, 2022
Vitamin D and Magnesium need each other - many studies 15 Apr, 2022
Vitamin D, Zinc, Magnesium etc. are needed to fight COVID – April 2022 09 Apr, 2022
Magnesium and Vitamin D 16 Mar, 2022
Headaches decreased by Vitamin D, Magnesium etc. – Review March 2022 09 Mar, 2022
PTH failed to decrease with Vitamin D if overweight and had low Magnesium – Aug 2019 04 Mar, 2022
Cluster Headaches treated by high-dose Vitamin D, etc. (interview and transcript) - Feb 2022 23 Feb, 2022
Low Level Laser Therapy greatly increased Vitamin D and Magnesium (for diabetics with nephropathy) – March 2019 28 Nov, 2021
Mental health not helped by vitamin D monotherapy (adding Omega-3 and Magnesium help) – review Nov 2021 05 Nov, 2021
Reasons for low response to vitamin D 22 Sep, 2021
Weekly Vitamin D plus daily Magnesium is great (reduced depression in obese women in this case) – July 2021 13 Aug, 2021
Young Diabetics had 3.8 X higher risk of Parkinson’s (perhaps low Mg or low Vitamin D)– June 2018 09 Jun, 2021
COVID-19 Cytokine storms attenuated by Vitamin D, Omega-3, Mg, Resveratrol, etc – April 2021 18 Apr, 2021
6X less risk of COVID-19 ICU if Vitamin D and Vit B12 and Mg – Jan 2021 16 Apr, 2021
Pregnancy recommendations – huge differences in Vitamin D, Mg, iron, Iodine, DHA, etc – April 2021 13 Apr, 2021
Vitamin D Cofactors in a nutshell 17 Mar, 2021
Response to vitamin D increased 30 percent with Magnesium - Nov 2018 07 Mar, 2021
Cytokine storms (COVID-19, etc.) eliminated by Vitamin D (Magnesium helps) 09 Feb, 2021
Magnesium and Vitamin D deficiencies associated with worse COVID-19 – Jan, 2021 02 Feb, 2021
Excessive insulin decreases vitamin D in 4 ways – problems for diabetic COVID-19 – Dec 2020 12 Dec, 2020
Magnesium (which increases vitamin D) may fight COVID-19 - Oct 2020 24 Oct, 2020
ADHD risk factors include low Zinc, Vitamin D, Magnesium and Omega-3 (umbrella review) – Oct 2020 20 Oct, 2020
COVID-19 prompts awareness of deficiencies of Vitamin D, C and Magnesium - April 6 2020 08 Apr, 2020
Response to Vitamin D increased if take Magnesium and Vitamin K2 – Grassroots March 2020 10 Mar, 2020
Less muscle loss associated with eating more fish (Omega-3, Vitamin D, Magnesium, etc) – Jan 2020 30 Jan, 2020
Magnesium increases Vitamin D, which increases Mg. Both increase bone – Oct 2019 14 Jan, 2020
Depression treatments: diet, exercise, bright light, Vitamin D, B12, Omega-3, Zinc, Music, etc. – May 2019 08 Dec, 2019
Magnesium, Vitamin D, Omega-3, TSH - importance and testing - Dean and Baggerly - Oct 2019 30 Oct, 2019
Suicide 4X more likely if have Restless Legs Syndrome (perhaps low vitamin D or Magnesium) Aug 2019 29 Aug, 2019
Vitamin D and Calcium do not increase bone density (also need exercise, Mg, K2, protein etc.) – RCT Aug 2019 28 Aug, 2019
Senior cognition poor if low vitamin D and low Magnesium intake – June 2019 22 Jun, 2019
Off topic: Transcutaneous enhancers (DMSO, etc) for Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Resveratrol, Magnesium, etc. 30 Apr, 2019
Many seniors do not get enough protein, Vitamin D, Mg, etc. needed for bones – Feb 2019 27 Feb, 2019
Vitamin D very popular with Canadian seniors having complex medical problems – Jan 2019 22 Feb, 2019
Some Podcasts by Dr. C Dean – Magnesium, Vitamin D, Iodine, etc. 21 Feb, 2019
Why Vitamin D is Useless without This Critical Nutrient (Magnesium) - Jan 2019 20 Jan, 2019
Multiple Sclerosis and (lots of) Vitamin D - book by patient on Coimbra protocol - Feb 2016 19 Jan, 2019
More Magnesium makes more bone when there is enough Vitamin D (petri dish) – Jan 2019 17 Jan, 2019
One Common Mistake That Will Foil Your Vitamin D Supplement Benefits – Mercola March 2018 31 Dec, 2018
Interaction of drugs with Vitamin D, Magnesium, Vitamin B12, Selenium, etc – Dec 2018 25 Dec, 2018
Heart problems such as Afib related to little Magnesium, Omega-3, Vitamin D getting to tissues 14 Dec, 2018
Dr. Coimbra discusses Vitamin D, Magnesium, Folic Acid, B12, Autism, Depression, etc – Sept 2018 24 Nov, 2018
Dr. Coimbra interview covering Vitamin D, Magnesium, Folate, Vaccines - Oct 2018 24 Nov, 2018
Vitamin D (1000 IU) and Magnesium (500 mg) spray on Kickstarter - Nov 2018 02 Nov, 2018
Less DNA repair if nutrient deficient (Vitamin D, Magnesium, Omega-3, Vitamin K, etc) – Ames Oct 2018 19 Oct, 2018
Decrease Calcium and Increase Magnesium when increasing vitamin D 30 Sep, 2018
Neurosurgical ICU patients critically low on Vitamin D – Feb 2018 11 Sep, 2018
Migraine headaches cut in half by 4,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Sept 2018 06 Sep, 2018
Adding just vitamin D again failed to add bone density (also need Magnesium, Vitamin K, etc) – RCT Aug 2018 24 Aug, 2018
No military trainee consumed Vitamin D RDA (most were also low in Magnesium) – July 2018 10 Jul, 2018
Hardly anyone is consuming even 400 IU of vitamin D daily – June 2018 24 Jun, 2018
Stroke is strongly associated with Calcification of cerebral arteries (perhaps low Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Mg…) – March 2018 21 Apr, 2018
Muscle pain (Low Magnesium) plus Low Vitamin D associated with 10X more Cancer, etc (San Francisco) – Aug 2017 13 Apr, 2018
Mineral adsorption and Vitamin D (Magnesium, Calcium, etc) - 2011 16 Mar, 2018
Vitamin D supplementation often needs Magnesium – May 2017 27 Feb, 2018
Vitamin D supplementation often needs Magnesium (publisher wants 53 dollars) – May 2017 26 Feb, 2018
Magnesium and Vitamin D – recent deficiencies, needed, synergistic - good overview 2017 29 Jan, 2018
Trigger points (myofascial pain) may be associated with low Vitamin D and low Magnesium – Jan 2018 16 Jan, 2018
Cardiometaboic problems decreased with increased Vitamin D, unless low Magnesium – Aug 2017 29 Dec, 2017
Healthy bones need: Calcium, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Silicon, Vitamin K, and Boron – 2012 22 Oct, 2017
Autistic children have lower levels of Iron, Vitamin D, Magnesium, etc – Oct 2017 21 Oct, 2017
Drugs which create deficiencies in Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, etc. – Sept 2017 09 Oct, 2017
Heart problems in obese increase if deficient in BOTH Vitamin D and Magnesium – Aug 2017 23 Aug, 2017
Cardiovascular calcification prevented by Omega-3, Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Vitamin D – April 2015 09 Aug, 2017
Vitamin D - Comparing Symptoms of Hypercalcemia with Low Magnesium - Sept 2015 10 Jul, 2017
Vitamin D monotherapy is good, Vitamin D multitherapy is great 31 May, 2017
All-cause mortality is related to low Magnesium, rather than low Vitamin D – April 2015 16 May, 2017
Leg cramps in pregnant women not changed by 1,000 IU of vitamin D for 6 weeks (no surprise) – RCT Jan 2017 05 Jan, 2017
Asthma severe when both Vitamin D AND Magnesium are low – Oct 2016 08 Nov, 2016
Why deficiencies in vitamin D and magnesium are linked to asthma 08 Nov, 2016
Magnesium is needed by Vitamin D in 8 places - 2013 08 Nov, 2016
Magnesium and Vitamin D very synergistic – Aug 2013 08 Nov, 2016
Magnesium and Vitamin D - similar, different and synergistic 04 Nov, 2016
Epilepsy and deficiency of vitamin D and-or Magnesium – Feb 2013 01 Nov, 2016
Interactions between Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Calcium – April 2016 26 Oct, 2016
Vitamin D and Opioids both reduce Magnesium, which results in constipation – Sept 2016 27 Sep, 2016
Metabolic Syndrome treatment by vitamin D probably helped by Vitamin A, Zinc, and Magnesium – July 2016 07 Aug, 2016
How much vitamin D and other nutrients do I take 11 Jun, 2016
Obesity epidemic: a perfect storm of deficiency of vitamin D, Magnesium, Iodine, etc – May 2012 11 Jun, 2016
Obesity pandemic since 1975 - is it due to Vitamin D, Magnesium, Iodine, adenovirus, or what 10 Jun, 2016
Vitamin D increases mineral availability which protect against toxic elements - July 2015 02 Jun, 2016
Deficiencies of Vitamin D, Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc all associated with ADHD – Sept 2014 25 Jan, 2016
Is a health problem associated with Low vitamin D, Low Magnesium, or too much Calcium – Jan 2016 18 Jan, 2016
More vitamin D makes for better health – dissertation based on Rotterdam studies – Oct 2015 18 Oct, 2015
The only supplement NASA gives crews is vitamin D - Sept 2015 18 Sep, 2015
If at high risk of vitamin D deficiency, get a higher response if take more Magnesium – Sept 2013 12 Sep, 2015
Most people not getting enough Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Vitamin E – Aug 2011 22 Aug, 2015
Breast cancer associated with high Calcium AND low vitamin D - April 2015 23 Jun, 2015
Magnesium is associated with better quality of life in COPD, not Vitamin D – March 2015 13 May, 2015
Supplements survey: Fish oil 1st, Vitamin D 4th, Magnesium 6th, Calcium 7th - March 2015 01 Mar, 2015
Magnesium and vitamin D discussions on Facebook 01 Mar, 2015
Vitamin D level can be high, but little benefit: due to kidney, genes, low Magnesium etc. 28 Nov, 2014
RDA upper limit etc for Vitamin D and Magnesium - Sept 2011 14 Jul, 2014
Those with restless leg syndrome had 40 percent less vitamin D – June 2012 27 May, 2014
Weight loss and Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium 14 Mar, 2014
Lower Magnesium associated with lower Vitamin D in Iranian teens – Jan 2014 23 Feb, 2014
Magnesium Deficiency Reduces Vitamin D Effectiveness- Sept 2011 01 Dec, 2013
Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium, etc increase bone density when taking together– Jan 2012 28 Nov, 2013
Hypothesis: Magnesium accounts for some of the variation in vitamin D response – Oct 2013 16 Nov, 2013
Synergism between Vitamin D, Vitamin K-2, and Vitamin A: Masterjohn – Sept 2013 03 Oct, 2013
Off topic: Little water fluoridation in Europe - which is good for Mg and Vitamin D – April 2013 30 Aug, 2013
Acid Reflux drugs decrease Vitamin D and Magnesium – Jan 2013 21 May, 2013
400 IU of vitamin D Magnesium and Calcium helped Twin bones – Feb 2011 12 May, 2013
Vitamin D monotherapy reduces colorectal cancer but has calcemic side effects – April 2013 23 Mar, 2013
Depression, vitamin D, Magnesium: no agreement Jan 2012 13 Feb, 2013
Very low on micronutrients such as vitamin D and Magnesium – NHANES data Aug 2011 30 Aug, 2011
Know the Importance of Taking Enough Magnesium with Your Vitamin D – July 2010 22 Jul, 2010
Vitamin D may help absorb magnesium – Pauling 2009 04 Jul, 2010
Magnesium raised Vitamin D, lowered blood pressure and Ca to Mg ratio – RCT Sept 2024        
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