4.4 X more likely to have a preterm birth if low vitamin D while pregnant (India) - May 2022

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Impact of maternal hypovitaminosis D on birth and neonatal outcome - a prospective cohort study

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 May 22;1-8. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2077098. PDF is behind a $58 paywall
Thirupathi Gowtham 1, Soma Venkatesh 1, Soundararajan Palanisamy 1, Setu Rathod 2

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is of special concern as mother is the only source of vitamin D for the developing fetus, and maternal hypovitaminosis D has been implicated in a number of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the association of maternal circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentration with cord blood 25(OH)D and adverse birth and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI) from January 2020 to December 2020. 121 babies born to mothers with singleton pregnancy tested for serum 25(OH)D level on admission for safe confinement were included in the study and cord blood of the babies were sampled for 25(OH)D. Based on the maternal 25(OH)D level, babies were categorized as those born to mothers with sufficient vitamin D level and those born to mothers with hypovitaminosis D (deficient/insufficient) and primary and secondary outcome was compared between two groups.

Results: Maternal and cord blood hypovitaminosis D was observed in 65% of mothers and 68.6% of babies, respectively. Maternal vitamin D level was the single most significant predictor of cord blood vitamin D level with five-fold increased risk of cord blood hypovitaminosis D in babies born to mothers with hypovitaminosis D. Birthweight (t = -2.219, p = .028) and preterm birth (aOR = 4.417, 95% CI: 1.03-18.9) was significantly associated with maternal hypovitaminosis D and a trend toward increased risk of LBW (aOR - 2.1, 95%CI: 0.6-7.3), SGA babies (aOR - 1.5, 95% CI: 0.5-4.7), perinatal depression (aOR - 1.5, 95% CI: 0.4-5.8) and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (aOR = 2.68, 95%CI: 0.942-7.6) was observed.

Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women is a significant health issue affecting both the mother and her baby. Safest dose for supplementation during pregnancy to prevent adverse perinatal outcome needs to be evaluated.

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VitaminDWiki Pregnancy pages with PRETERM of PRE-TERM in title (62 as of May 2022)

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VitaminDWiki - Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D contains

Most were taking 2,000 to 7,000 IU daily for >50% of pregnancy
   Click on hyperlinks for details

Problem	Vit. D Reduces	Evidence
0. Chance of not conceiving	3.4 times	Observe
1. Miscarriage	2.5 times	Observe
2. Pre-eclampsia	3.6 times	RCT
3. Gestational Diabetes	3 times	RCT
4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality	3.5 times	Observe
5. Premature birth	2 times	RCT
6. C-section - unplanned	1.6 times	Observe
Stillbirth - OMEGA-3	4 times	RCT - Omega-3
7. Depression AFTER pregnancy	1.4 times	RCT
8. Small for Gestational Age	1.6 times	meta-analysis
9. Infant height, weight, head size      within normal limits		RCT
10. Childhood Wheezing	1.3 times	RCT
11. Additional child is Autistic	4 times	Intervention
12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis	1.9 times	Observe
13. Preeclampsia in young adult	3.5 times	RCT
14. Good motor skills @ age 3	1.4 times	Observe
15. Childhood Mite allergy	5 times	RCT
16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits	2.5 times	RCT

RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial
eId="3271" width="450" link="Ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby - take Vitamin D before conception" }

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VitaminDWiki - Preterm births are VERY costly – Feb 2017 contains

Assumptions: additional $50,000 per premature birth, $100 for education & supplements per pregnancy

	Net savings per birth After subtract all costs	# needed to eliminate 1 preterm	Cost of educ, supp per pregnancy	Total cost Educ/supp.	Cost of test per pregnancy	Total test costs	Net savings after subtract costs
Vitamin D (5,000 IU avg)	$4,300	20	$100	$2,000	$200%%%(2 tests)	$4,000	$43,000
Omega-3	$646	67	$100	$6,700	$0	$0	$43,300
Vitamin C reduces early rupture	$646	67	$100	$6,700	$0	$0	$43,300
Iodine	$320	100	$100	$10,000	$80	$8,000	$32,000

Does not include additional savings to infant beyond the first year
   such as reductions in Autism, MS, Respiratory Tract Infection, Asthma, Allergies
Does not include additional savings to mother
   such as reduction in preeclampsia, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, depression
   nor does it assign any costs for anguish of possible premie death, stillbirth, time off from work, job productivity

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VitaminDWiki Pregnancy pages with "COVID" in title

This list is automatically updated

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