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Diabetes 30% more likely in those with low birth weight - June 2023

Birthweight is associated with clinical characteristics in people with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia. 2023 Jun 12. doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-05936-1
Aleksander L Hansen 1 2, Reimar W Thomsen 3, Charlotte Brøns 4, Helene M L Svane 3, Rasmus T Jensen 5, Mette K Andersen 5, Torben Hansen 5, Jens S Nielsen 6, Peter Vestergaard 7, Kurt Højlund 6, Niels Jessen 8, Michael H Olsen 9 10, Henrik T Sørensen 3, Allan A Vaag 11 12 13

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Aims/hypothesis: Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes but it is unknown whether low birthweight is associated with distinct clinical characteristics at disease onset. We examined whether a lower or higher birthweight in type 2 diabetes is associated with clinically relevant characteristics at disease onset.

Methods: Midwife records were traced for 6866 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort. Using a cross-sectional design, we assessed age at diagnosis, anthropomorphic measures, comorbidities, medications, metabolic variables and family history of type 2 diabetes in individuals with the lowest 25% of birthweight (<3000 g) and highest 25% of birthweight (>3700 g), compared with a birthweight of 3000-3700 g as reference, using log-binomial and Poisson regression. Continuous relationships across the entire birthweight spectrum were assessed with linear and restricted cubic spline regression. Weighted polygenic scores (PS) for type 2 diabetes and birthweight were calculated to assess the impact of genetic predispositions.

Results: Each 1000 g decrease in birthweight was associated with a 3.3 year (95% CI 2.9, 3.8) younger age of diabetes onset, 1.5 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.2, 1.7) lower BMI and 3.9 cm (95% CI 3.3, 4.5) smaller waist circumference. Compared with the reference birthweight, a birthweight of <3000 g was associated with more overall comorbidity (prevalence ratio [PR] for Charlson Comorbidity Index Score ≥3 was 1.36 [95% CI 1.07, 1.73]), having a systolic BP ≥155 mmHg (PR 1.26 [95% CI 0.99, 1.59]), lower prevalence of diabetes-associated neurological disease, less likelihood of family history of type 2 diabetes, use of three or more glucose-lowering drugs (PR 1.33 [95% CI 1.06, 1.65]) and use of three or more antihypertensive drugs (PR 1.09 [95% CI 0.99, 1.20]). Clinically defined low birthweight (<2500 g) yielded stronger associations. Most associations between birthweight and clinical characteristics appeared linear, and a higher birthweight was associated with characteristics mirroring lower birthweight in opposite directions. Results were robust to adjustments for PS representing weighted genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes and birthweight.

Conclusion/interpretation: Despite younger age at diagnosis, and fewer individuals with obesity and family history of type 2 diabetes, a birthweight <3000 g was associated with more comorbidities, including a higher systolic BP, as well as with greater use of glucose-lowering and antihypertensive medications, in individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
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increasing Vitamin D decreases low birth weight (and thus decreases early diabetes)

Vitamin D given to any child also decreases risk of diabetes

Only need 9 months of Vitamin D while pregnant, but child may need D for many decades

VitaminDWiki – Overview Diabetes and vitamin D contains

  • Diabetes is 5X more frequent far from the equator
  • Children getting 2,000 IU of vitamin D are 8X less likely to get Type 1 diabetes
  • Obese people get less sun / Vitamin D - and also vitamin D gets lost in fat
  • Sedentary people get less sun / Vitamin D
  • Worldwide Diabetes increase has been concurrent with vitamin D decrease and air conditioning
  • Elderly get 4X less vitamin D from the same amount of sun
        Elderly also spend less time outdoors and have more clothes on
  • All items in category Diabetes and Vitamin D 553 items: both Type 1 and Type 2

Vitamin D appears to both prevent and treat diabetes

Number of articles in both categories of Diabetes and:

  • Dark Skin 24;   Intervention 57;   Meta-analysis 40;   Obesity 36;  Pregnancy 44;   T1 (child) 39;  Omega-3 11;  Vitamin D Receptor 24;  Genetics 13;  Magnesium 30    Click here to see details

Some Diabetes studies

50 ng of Vitamin D fights Diabetes

T1 Diabetes

Pre-Diabetes

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Magnesium - many studies
Diabetic Epidemic

  • Step back to 1994. Suppose an epidemic struck the United States, causing blindness, kidney failure, and leg amputations in steadily increasing numbers.
    Suppose that in less than a decade's time, the epidemic had victimized one out of every eight people
    That epidemic is real, and its name is diabetes, now the nation's sixth leading cause of death.
    Chart from the web (2018?)
    Image

27+ VitaminDWiki pages with BIRTH WEIGHT in title

This list is automatically updated

Items found: 28
Title Modified
Risk of low birth weight cut in half after taking lots of vitamin D while pregnant – July 2024 08 Jul, 2024
Diabetes 30% more likely in those with low birth weight - June 2023 18 Jun, 2023
Pregnancies helped by Vitamin D (insulin and birth weight in this case) – meta-analysis Oct 2019 05 Dec, 2021
3.7X decrease in Very Low Weight Births (following huge increase in Vitamin D sales) - June 2020 14 Aug, 2021
Higher birth weight resulted in more fit adults (Vitamin D not mentioned) – Jan 2020 04 Feb, 2020
Low birth weight associated low Vitamin D (little sunshine in China in this case) - Dec 2019 20 Jan, 2020
Vitamin D cuts pregnancy risks in half – low birth weight, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes – Cochrane July 2019 12 Sep, 2019
Birth size and weight increased by Vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2019 20 Feb, 2019
Premature or low birth weight resulted in children 3X more likely to be anxious – meta-analysis May 2011 25 Jan, 2019
Low birth weight far more likely if African-American (low vitamin D) – 1997, Aug 2018 27 Nov, 2018
7X more likely to have low birth weight babies when mother very low on vitamin D – March 2010 26 Nov, 2018
Birth weight more than 9.9 lbs increases risk of breast cancer by 1.5 (wonder about Vitamin D) – Oct 2018 13 Oct, 2018
Very low birth weight infants were OK with 600 IU of vitamin D plus Calcium and Phosphorus – May 2018 09 May, 2018
Vitamin D intervention reduces preterm births and low birth weight by 60 percent – Cochrane Reviews – Nov 2017 07 Dec, 2017
Season of birth (Vitamin D) vs birth weight, puberty, body size, etc. – Oct 2015 28 Jun, 2017
Strong decrease in both birth weights and pregnancy duration (concurrent with decrease in vitamin D) - Feb 2010 20 Feb, 2017
Birth weight and length increased with high levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2015 15 Dec, 2016
Low vitamin D increased probability of low birth weight by 60 percent – meta-analysis June 2012 13 Dec, 2016
Less vitamin D makes for low birth weight for white babies - May 2010 08 Dec, 2016
Opening windows while pregnant cut the number of low birth weight infants by half – Feb 2013 26 Dec, 2015
Low birth weight associated with vitamin D levels less than 11 ng – Nov 2012 26 Dec, 2015
Births with low vitamin D weighted less (Hispanic too) – Dec 2015 26 Dec, 2015
Low vitamin D pregnancy associated with both low birth weight and more weight in child later – July 2012 18 Feb, 2015
Autism associated with preterm and low birth weight (both associated with low vitamin D) – Nov 2014 31 Dec, 2014
Extremely low vitamin D in mother: early birth and low weight in children, mortality in mice – Sept 2014 26 Sep, 2014
Low birth weight 3X more likely if mother had less than 25 nanograms of vitamin D – May 2012 20 Sep, 2012
Vitamin D given after low weight birth did not decrease death rate – May 2011 23 Jun, 2012
Low vitamin D results in severe preeclampsia and low birth weight – Mar 2011 27 Nov, 2011

Diabetes 30% more likely in those with low birth weight - June 2023        
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