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Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 994; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11040994
by William B. Grant 1ORCID,Fatme Al Anouti 2,*ORCID,Barbara J. Boucher 3ORCID,Hana M. A. Fakhoury 4ORCID,Meis Moukayed 5ORCID,Stefan Pilz 6 and Nasser M. Al-Daghri 7,*ORCID
- 1 Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
- 2 Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
- 3 The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E12AT, UK
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- 5 School of Arts and Sciences, American University in Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 28282, United Arab Emirates
- 6 Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- 7 Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
*Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed
PDF Table of Contents
Accumulating evidence supports the potential protective effects of vitamin D against chronic diseases such as
- Alzheimer’s disease,
- autoimmune diseases,
- cancers,
- cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and stroke),
- type 2 diabetes,
- hypertension,
- chronic kidney disease,
- stroke, and infectious diseases such as acute respiratory tract diseases,
- COVID-19,
- influenza, and pneumonia, as well as
- adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The respective evidence is based on ecological and observational studies, randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. However, randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation have largely failed to show benefits, probably due to poor design and analysis. In this work, we aim to use the best available evidence on the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D to estimate the expected reduction in incidence and mortality rates of vitamin D-related diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates if minimum serum 25(OH)D concentrations were to be raised to 30 ng/mL.
Estimated reductions by
- 25% for myocardial infarction incidence,
- 35% for stroke incidence,
- 20 to 35% for cardiovascular disease mortality, and
- 35% for cancer mortality rates
depicted a promising potential for raising serum 25(OH)D.
Methods to increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the population level could include
- food fortification with vitamin D3,
- vitamin D supplementation,
- improved dietary vitamin D intake, and
- sensible sun exposure.
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
53+ VitaminDWiki pages have GRANT in their title
This list is automatically updated
Items found: 56
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23 Cancers in the US are associated with low UVB - Grant April 2024 |
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17 May, 2024 |
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Vitamin D: Viral infections, Infectious diseases, EBV and MS, Virus and Cancers – Grant March 2024 |
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03 Mar, 2024 |
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Top Vitamin D papers - Grant Jan 2020 |
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03 Mar, 2024 |
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Top 25 Vitamin D papers in 2020 - Grant |
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03 Mar, 2024 |
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Increase life expectancy by 2 years if double Vitamin D levels – Grant July 2011 |
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22 Jan, 2024 |
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Lack of Vitamin D due to lack of Sun, global perspective - Grant Jan 2024 |
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10 Jan, 2024 |
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Vitamin D testing and supplementation would improve health – Grant Jan 2020 |
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05 Oct, 2023 |
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Increasing the vitamin D level of all Canadians to 40 ng would save 6 to 18 billion dollars a year – Grant Nov 2016 |
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23 Aug, 2023 |
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Periodontal Disease and Vitamin D - interview and transcript - GRH, Grant July 2023 |
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02 Aug, 2023 |
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Dental problems if low Vitamin D (Hill's, Global Rec.) - Grant June 2023 |
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02 Aug, 2023 |
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Yes, Vitamin D can be a magic bullet - Grant March 2020 |
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01 Aug, 2023 |
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Reduce 4 health problems by a quarter if increase Vitamin D to 30 ng – Saudi Arabia, Grant March 2023 |
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17 May, 2023 |
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The Role of Vitamin D in Reducing Risk of Alzheimer’s and Dementia - transcript Dr. Grant March 2023 |
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12 Mar, 2023 |
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My Life as a Vitamin D Researcher – Dr. Grant Feb 2023 |
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19 Feb, 2023 |
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The Real Story on Vitamin D: interview and transcript – Grant Dec 2022 |
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10 Dec, 2022 |
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African American Health Disparities are associated with low Vitamin D - Grant Feb 2021 |
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10 Dec, 2022 |
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Vitamin D should reduce hospital-acquired infections – Grant Dec 2012 |
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10 Dec, 2022 |
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Mortality reduced by 35 percent if everyone had 50 ng of vitamin D - Grant Oct 2021 |
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09 Dec, 2022 |
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Interview with transcript concerning UVA, UVB, and health – Grant Dec 2012 |
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09 Dec, 2022 |
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Dr. Grant on vitamin D and mortality in VitaminDWiki |
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09 Oct, 2022 |
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Mortality reduced if Vitamin D levels raised to 30 ng ( Middle East this time) - Grant Oct 2022 |
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09 Oct, 2022 |
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Debunking Misinformation About Vitamin D - Grant podcast and transcript - Sept 2022 |
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21 Sep, 2022 |
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The problems with healthcare in the U.S., following the disinformation playbook – Grant Dec 2017 |
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23 Jun, 2022 |
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Interview with transcript of Dr. Grant on Vitamin D and Cancer by Dr. Moss - June 2022 |
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23 Jun, 2022 |
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By Dr. Grant in VitaminDWiki |
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01 Mar, 2022 |
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Vitamin D benefits ignored at a time they are most needed - Grant Jan 9, 2022 |
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10 Jan, 2022 |
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Top Vitamin D Papers - Grant 2017 |
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09 Jan, 2022 |
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Cancer incidence and death reduced by both Vitamin D and UVB – Grant Oct 2021 |
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15 Oct, 2021 |
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Vitamin D and Health video with transcript - Dr. Grant Sept 2021 |
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11 Sep, 2021 |
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Vitamin D and COVID-19: Video and PDF by Dr. Grant (includes recommendations)- Nov 25, 2020 |
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26 Nov, 2020 |
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Preventing a COVID-19 pandemic with Vitamin D – Grant April 2020 |
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02 Apr, 2020 |
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Breast, Prostate and Colon Cancers are still strongly associated with low Vitamin D – Grant Jan 2020 |
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01 Jan, 2020 |
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Evidence that Vitamin D prevents Cancer – Grant Feb 2018 |
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29 Jan, 2018 |
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Vitamin D Video 53 minutes with text and PDFs – Grant Oct 2017 |
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28 Nov, 2017 |
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Canadian grant funding lost for prescribing 50,000 IU of vitamin D – July 2017 |
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23 Jul, 2017 |
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Pregnancy and Vitamin D bibliography - Dr. Grant - March 2017 |
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20 Mar, 2017 |
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Bibliography of Black-White health disparities linked to vitamin D - Dr. Grant March 2017 |
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20 Mar, 2017 |
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Prenancy and Vitamin D biliogrraphy - Dr. Grant - March 2017 |
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20 Mar, 2017 |
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Patent granted for adding vitamin D to sunblock and skin cream - Feb 2011 |
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05 Jan, 2017 |
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Optimum Vitamin D level: Evidence for 30 and 40 ng – Grant Aug 2013 |
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28 Feb, 2016 |
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Low UVB (thus low Vitamin D) is linked to many diseases – Grant Jan 2016 |
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10 Jan, 2016 |
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Time-release form of active vitamin D granted a patent for chronic kidney disease – July 2014 |
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26 Jul, 2015 |
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Vitamin D2 patent granted to prevent hair loss during chemotherapy – 2002 |
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11 May, 2015 |
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Less sun means more disease -Grant, Holick, Cannell, et al Feb 2015 |
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05 Mar, 2015 |
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Autism and vitamin D: Cannell, Grant – March 2013 |
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05 Jan, 2015 |
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Evidence that the minimum vitamin D blood level is 30 ng – Grant Nov 2012 |
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21 Jan, 2014 |
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Summary of Vitamin D trials - Grant Nov 2012 |
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18 Jan, 2014 |
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Solar UVB reduces Cancer Risk – Grant, Jan 2013 |
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02 Oct, 2013 |
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UK Day-Cares being offered grants to develop vitamin D methods – July 2012 |
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27 Dec, 2012 |
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Getting sunshine improves your health provided you do not sunburn - Grant Dec 2012 |
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11 Dec, 2012 |
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Review of Vitamin D trials - Grant Jan 2012 |
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25 Nov, 2012 |
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Abu Dhabi 2012 - Grant |
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11 Apr, 2012 |
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Evidence for Vitamin D - Grant Aug 2011 |
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09 Nov, 2011 |
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Some cancer due to low UV – Grant – April 2010 |
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13 Oct, 2011 |
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Recommend 2500-4000 IU per day to reduce all-cause mortality by 18%– Grant Netherlands April 2010 |
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13 Jul, 2011 |
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Vitamin D overview by Grant - Jan 2011 |
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13 Jul, 2011 |
22+ VitaminDWiki pages have SAUDI in their title
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Elderly with low vitamin D were depressed, anxious, or stressed (Saudi Arabia) – March 2024 |
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25 Mar, 2024 |
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Possible large Vitamin D intervention trial to increase longevity in Saudi Arabia etc. |
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10 Dec, 2023 |
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Low Vitamin D is associated with risk of Depression 5X, Stress 4.8 X, and Anxiety 3.9 X (Saudi Arabia college students) – July 2023 |
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29 Jul, 2023 |
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Reduce 4 health problems by a quarter if increase Vitamin D to 30 ng – Saudi Arabia, Grant March 2023 |
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17 May, 2023 |
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Inflammatory markers reduced by single 80,000 IU of vitamin D (Saudi) – Sept 2022 |
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24 Sep, 2022 |
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Low vitamin D is big problem during pregnancies (Saudi Arabia in this case) – Aug 2022 |
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25 Jul, 2022 |
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Poor sleep associated with low Vitamin D (pregnant Saudis in the case) – Jun 2022 |
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09 Jul, 2022 |
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Saudi females twice as likely to be vitamin D deficient as males (cloth) – July 2015 |
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27 Dec, 2021 |
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Vitamin D levels increased in Saudi Arabia over a decade (more sun or supplements) – Sept 2021 |
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07 Jun, 2021 |
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Saudi study defines normal Vitamin D level to be 50 to 70 ng (diabetes, etc.) - June 2020 |
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12 Dec, 2020 |
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2,000 IU vitamin D is the smallest dose in Saudi Arabia (GCC statement) – March 2020 |
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04 Mar, 2020 |
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Many fertilization and pregnancy problems associated with low vitamin D in Saudi Arabia – April 2018 |
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21 Apr, 2018 |
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Saudi infants – 4 in 10 have low Vitamin D, 8 in 10 have low Calcium (hypocalcemia) – March 2018 |
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18 Mar, 2018 |
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Saudi pregnancies – only 1 in 16 had even 20 nanograms of vitamin D – Nov 2015 |
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28 Nov, 2015 |
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70 pcnt of Saudi women were extremely vitamin D deficient, but only 40 pcnt of men – March 2012 |
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18 Jul, 2015 |
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Undetected Celiac Disease found in 2 percent at Saudi medical college – May 2015 |
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01 May, 2015 |
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Painful to be a female Saudi teacher (very low vitamin D) – Nov 2014 |
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24 Mar, 2015 |
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Diabetes in Saudi women improved with just 2,000 IU of vitamin D – July 2012 |
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16 Mar, 2015 |
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84 percent had less than 30 ng of vitamin D (10,000 patients in Saudi Arabia) Sept 2014 |
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26 Sep, 2014 |
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Saudi have very little vitamin D fortification of food - April 2013 |
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02 Jul, 2013 |
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Why do Saudi postmenopausal women have higher level of vitamin D – Mar 2011 |
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03 Nov, 2012 |
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Less than 20 ng of vitamin D associated with lumbar spine density in Saudi men – April 2011 |
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01 Jun, 2011 |
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Less than 4 ng is more common in Saudis than diabetic Saudis – July 2010 |
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18 Jul, 2010 |
Getting most of the population >50 ng would provide far more benefits
Health can be greatly improved by weekly 50,000 IU of Vitamin D - video Lahore - March 2023
Saudi Arabia needs Magnesium (most of their water has been desalinated)