Vitamin D up and down regulates 1,000’s of genes via the Vitamin D Receptor

Vitamin D and Its Target Genes

Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1354; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071354

by Carsten Carlberg 1,2 ORCID

1 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-10-748 Olsztyn, Poland

2 Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland

The vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the natural, high-affinity ligand of the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). In many tissues and cell types, VDR binds in a ligand-dependent fashion to thousands of genomic loci and modulates, via local chromatin changes, the expression of hundreds of primary target genes. Thus, the epigenome and transcriptome of VDR-expressing cells is directly affected by vitamin D. Vitamin D target genes encode for proteins with a large variety of physiological functions, ranging from the control of calcium homeostasis, innate and adaptive immunity, to cellular differentiation. This review will discuss VDR’s binding to genomic DNA, as well as its genome-wide locations and interaction with partner proteins, in the context of chromatin. This information will be integrated into a model of vitamin D signaling, explaining the regulation of vitamin D target genes.

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VitaminDWiki - The Vitamin D Receptor is associated with many health problems

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