Liver cancer incidence probably reduced by Vitamin D and Vitamin K

Created August 2017

Vitamin D and K signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma

Gene, Available online 29 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.074

* Liver cancer half as likely if high level of vitamin D – Feb 2014 * Loading dose greatly improves subsequent daily Vitamin D if have liver fibrosis – RCT Nov 2016 * Important interactions between the liver and vitamin D – May 2013 * Cirrhosis in hospital 2.9 X less likely to get need ICU when supplemented with Vitamin K – Nov 2015 * Alcoholic liver disease 8X more likely among alcoholics if very low vitamin D – May 2015 * Liver cancer nicely treated by high dose vitamin D for 16 weeks (early stage, in rats) – April 2018 1. Overview Liver and vitamin D contains the following summary {include}

Manal L. Loukaa, Ahmed M. Fawzyb, Abdelrahman M. Naiemb, Mustafa F. Elseknedyb, Ahmed E. Abdelhalimb, Mohamed A. Abdelghanyb

Highlights

• Early diagnosis of HCC with prompt treatment increases the opportunity of patients to survive.

• Vitamins are important for the control of various cancers.

• Vitamin D and K influence the development of HCC.

• The active form of vitamin D and vitamin K exert an array of antitumor activities.

• Vitamin analogues have a potential role in HCC therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy, and is now the six most common in between malignancies. Early diagnosis of HCC with prompt treatment increases the opportunity of patients to survive. With the advances in understanding the molecular biology of HCC, new therapeutic strategies to treat HCC have emerged. There is a growing consensus that vitamins are important for the control of various cancers. Biochemical evidence clearly indicates that HCC cells are responsive to the inhibitory effect of vitamin D, vitamin D analogues and vitamin K. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms used by vitamin D and K to influence the development of HCC and the latest development of vitamin analogues for potential HCC therapy.

Abbreviations

(1,25(OH)2D3), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol; (7-DHC), 7-dehydrocholesterol; (BCLC), Barcelona-Clınic Liver Cancer; (EPIC), The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; (GGCX), gamma-glutamyl carboxylase; (HCC), hepatocellular carcinoma; (HDAC2), histone deacetylase 2; (HIF)-1, hypoxia inducible factor; (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase 9; (MAPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase; (PCT), proximal convoluted tubule; (PEGIFN), pegylated interferone; (PKC), protein kinase C; (RBV), ribavirin; (SNPs), single nucleotide polymorphisms; (SVR), sustained virological response; (TXNIP), thioredoxin-interacting protein; (TACE), trans-arterial chemo-embolisation; (TGF-β), transforming growth factor B; (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor; (DBP), vitamin D binding protein; (VDR), vitamin D receptor

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Tags: Cancer - Liver Vitamin K