Part 1 Oct 2, 2020
Vitamin D deficiency has now been shown to increase susceptibility to COVID-19 and increase the risk of COVID-19 severity, including ICU admission and death. Conversely, other published studies have also shown those with higher vitamin D levels (over 30 ng/ml or 75 nmol/L) have a reduced risk of severe symptoms and death due to COVID-19. In fact, an analysis of over 190,000 Americans found that having vitamin D levels of at least 50 ng/ml resulted in a 53% lower positivity rate than those whose levels were less than 20 ng/ml! The first-published randomized controlled trial on vitamin D and COVID-19 found that adding vitamin D to the standard treatment nearly eliminated ICU admissions and did eliminate deaths.
It sounds almost too good to be true... Yet vitamin D is known to influence the expression of thousands of genes and is involved in regulating over 80 biological pathways in the body. Vitamin D is not a miracle drug, nor does it act alone, but it is an important mediator of immune function, and we can largely control whether or not we get enough vitamin D from our daily habits (sun, diet and supplements).
Today we will explain HOW vitamin D acts to protect you from getting COVID-19, and in an upcoming Part 2, we will discuss how vitamin D helps improve symptoms if you do get COVID-19.
Vitamin D is Known to Help Prevent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Vitamin D is known to help fight upper respiratory tract infections. As previously discussed, a large meta-analysis including 25 randomized controlled trials with over 11,300 individuals showed that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of respiratory tract infections by 70%. GrassrootsHealth participants with vitamin D levels greater than or equal to 40 ng/mL were 41% less likely to have had the flu and 15% less likely to have had a cold in the prior 6 months than participants with levels less than 20 ng/mL.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a major complication and cause of death among those with serious COVID-19 infections. When comparing vitamin D levels among those with and at risk of ARDS, one study found that 96% of those at risk of ARDS were deficient in vitamin D.
Vitamin D Can Protect Lung Cells from SARS-CoV-2 Attack
COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus (a specific type of virus) called SARS-CoV-2. Infection of COVID-19 begins when the SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells of the lung by binding the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor and de-activating it, resulting in inflammation. Vitamin D is responsible for increasing ACE-2 expression, which allows it to carry out its anti-inflammatory actions to help protect the lungs and keep inflammation at bay.
During the early incubation stage when the virus is hijacking the cell there are generally no symptoms. Most people who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience mild-moderate respiratory symptoms and recover without any need for hospitalization or therapy. In those who do experience more severe symptoms, only a small percentage have severe enough symptoms for the virus to be life threatening. This difference in both susceptibility (whether the virus is able to invade) and recovery (how well the body fights it off if it does invade) is attributed to the individual’s immune response. Vitamin D may help protect against COVID-19 specifically through maintenance of physical barriers (susceptibility) and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity (mounting an effective immune response to the virus).
The graphic below provides a very clear illustration of several ways vitamin D acts to directly protect the lungs, from its effect on the protective barrier of the lungs, to its involvement in the maturation of immune cells, and its role in regulating the inflammatory response and inhibiting the cytokine storm (which will be covered in more detail in Part 2).
Vitamin D Regulates the Immune Response
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating immune system activity – both innate and adaptive responses. As previously described, the innate immune system is responsible for the initial defensive front with a central role played by phagocytes. Vitamin D stimulates expansion of these phagocytes (monocytes and macrophages) increasing their ability to fight off the virus by increasing their numbers, as well as increasing their killing capacity through stimulating the production of the anti-viral protein cathelicidin. Vitamin D also acts to regulate the maturation of dendritic cells which are important for activating CD4+ T cells and in turn the rest of the immune response.
Earlier studies have shown that in SARS and influenza the adaptive immune cells, T cells and B cells, are vital in defending the body against the virus. Many studies have found this to be the case in COVID-19 as well, with both antibody and cellular defenses being recruited to the fight. Vitamin D is a potent regulator of adaptive immunity, including both cell-mediated (T cell) and humoral (B cell) immunity.
Cox R and Brokstad K, Nature Reviews, 2020.
Click to Download & Print
Once SARS-CoV-2 has been successful at replicating itself and spreading to surrounding cells, mild to moderate symptoms progress (e.g. sore throat, cough, fever and muscle aches) that result from localized and appropriate inflammation, associated tissue damage and antiviral activity of B cells and T cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secrete cytokines (chemical signals that instruct other cells what to do) and are central to the successful elimination of COVID-19, as happens in most people. Unfortunately, more serious symptoms and death can result with an over-reactive or ineffective immune response, as can happen when there is not enough vitamin D for use. The role of vitamin D at this stage will be covered in Part 2.
Thus, vitamin D is important to help fend off an attack by SARS-CoV-2. Ensuring optimal levels of vitamin D is an easy way to help support your immune system response.
Better Results when Taken Together
Nutrients work synergistically in order to carry out specific functions within the body. For example, we have recently discussed how different immune cells rely on a variety of nutrients, including vitamins D, C, B6, B12, zinc, and magnesium, in order to carry out their actions in an immune response. Without these necessary nutrients, immune function may be hindered.
Could a nutrient deficiency be putting a damper on your immune response? Find out by testing your vitamin D, omega-3s, magnesium and other essential elements (including selenium), as well as your inflammation levels, with the new Immune Boost home test kit offered by GrassrootsHealth. Measuring levels is the only way to know if you are supporting your immune system and whether additional changes should be made, with supplementation, dietary changes, or both.
Part 2 Oct 9, 2020
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Vitamin D is used by every cell of the body, influences the expression of thousands of genes, and is involved in regulating over 80 biological pathways – importantly, vitamin D is a potent regulator of immune function. However, it may still be surprising how much one vitamin can influence the body’s response to a COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D deficiency has now been shown to increase susceptibility to COVID-19 and increase the risk that if you do have COVID-19, it will be severe enough to require hospitalization in the ICU and lead to death. Conversely, published studies have also shown reduced risk of severe symptoms and death due to COVID-19 with higher vitamin D levels (over 30 ng/mL). In fact, an analysis of over 190,000 Americans found that having a vitamin D level of at least 50 ng/ml resulted in a 53% lower positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 infection than those with levels less than 20 ng/ml! The first-published randomized controlled trial on vitamin D and COVID-19 found that adding vitamin D to the standard treatment nearly eliminated ICU admissions and did eliminate deaths!
In Part 1 we reviewed how vitamin D acts to protect against COVID-19. Today we will describe how vitamin D influences the immune system in ways that are beneficial, such as preventing the hyper-inflammatory response characteristic of severe COVID-19 infection.
Vitamin D Regulates the Immune Response
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating immune system activity – both innate and adaptive responses. As described in Part 1, vitamin D increases the innate immune response and may help reduce entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells in the lung and reinforce the physical barriers, or junctions, between cells, which in turn may help prevent the spread of the virus between cells. Vitamin D also stimulates expansion of phagocytes (monocytes and macrophages) increasing their ability to fight off the virus by numbers. In addition, vitamin D directly stimulates phagocytes and lung cells to produce anti-viral proteins, cathelicidin and defensins, that kill the virus. However, an appropriate adaptive immune response is a vital part of the body’s defense against SARS-CoV-2. Vitamin D is a potent regulator of adaptive immunity, including both cell-mediated (T cell) and humoral (B cell) immunity. Vitamin D is needed by these white blood cells to help them recognize, bind to, and destroy SARS-CoV-2.
Click to Enlarge & Print
What Causes A Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection?
Once SARS-CoV-2 has been successful at replicating itself and spreading to surrounding cells, mild to moderate symptoms progress (e.g. sore throat, cough, fever and muscle aches) as part of a normal immune response to the virus. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses including secreted inflammatory cytokines are central to the successful elimination of COVID-19, as happens in most people.
However, in some people the immune response goes awry at this point and generates a hyper-inflammatory state referred to as the “cytokine storm” as depicted in the diagram below. The cytokine storm is the leading theory that explains why some people have a severe reaction to coronaviruses while others only experience mild symptoms. Moderate levels of inflammation are associated with mild-moderate symptoms of COVID-19, whereas the cytokine storm generates a hyper-inflammatory state associated with severe COVID-19 symptoms.
Click to Enlarge & Print
The cytokine storm results from a sudden acute increase in circulating levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1, TNF- a, and interferon produced mostly by T cells. These inflammatory cytokines, in addition to the ongoing replication and spread of the virus, trigger more immune cell involvement and tissue damage that leads to acute respiratory distress, multiple organ failure and possibly death. By dampening the cytokine storm, we can reduce the severity of symptoms and the risk of death.
Vitamin D Helps Control the Cytokine Storm and Reduce Symptom Severity
Vitamin D acts in many ways to regulate the adaptive immune response. Vitamin D stimulates CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production, and antibody activity (B cells). Vitamin D acts to regulate T cell response through initiating dendritic cell tolerance. These dendritic cells in turn stimulate the increased production of T regulatory (Treg) cells and their production of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, switching the response from being Th1-driven and pro-inflammatory to a Th2-driven anti-inflammatory response.
Vitamin D acts to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6 and IFN which are predominant in the cytokine storm characteristic of severe COVID-19). Vitamin D also has an effect on the actions of B-cells and inhibits the production of antibodies. Overall, the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D play a very important role in preventing the activation of an inappropriate hyper-inflammatory immune response.
Because the virus also binds ACE-2 receptors it interrupts the renin-angiotensin system, responsible for regulating blood volume, a pathway that is also regulated by vitamin D. Ensuring sufficient vitamin D may improve response to the virus in the lungs and lessen the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reduced levels of surfactant (a liquid secretion that allows the lungs to open and fill with air) which may then reduce the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the ability to breathe.
Thus, vitamin D is important to help regulate the immune response to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ensuring optimal levels of vitamin D is a safe and easy way to help support your immune response.
Do you know your vitamin D level?
Measure your vitamin D level today! When you know what your level is, you can determine next steps to take and how much supplementation may be needed if you are below your target level. A panel of 48 International Vitamin D scientists recommend a level between 40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/L) - where are you?
See also in VitaminDWiki
COVID-19 news
COVID-19 and Dark Skins
COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos
As of Augest 11, 2022, the VitaminDWiki page had: 34 trials, 11 trial results, 37 meta-analyses and reviews, 69 observations, 38 recommendations, 55 associations, 89 speculations, 58 videos, 45 Mortality studies see related: Governments, HealthProblems, Hospitals, Dark Skins, 26 risk factors are ALL associated with low Vit D, Recent Virus pages Fight COVID-19 with 50K Vit D weekly Vaccines Take lots of Vitamin D at first signs of COVID 116 COVID Clinical Trials using Vitamin D (08/2022)
5 most-recently changed Virus entries
and has the following recent updates
Top Vitamin D and COVID-19 recent
- Vitamin D can provide HEALTH immunity to fight the Corona virus this fall - Aug 2022
- Super-immune do not get COVID symptoms (perhaps Vitamin D) - Aug 2022
- COVID children helped by Vitamin D, trial terminated: unethical to not give Vitamin D to all: – RCT July 2022
- Current Compherensive Approach to COVID-19 (293 pages) - July 2022
- Some countries give treatment kits containing vitamin D if test positive for COVID) - July 2022
- Elderly who had been in COVID ICU were 4X more likely to die if low vitamin D – Nov 2022
- ‘Pandemic of the Boosted’: UK Data Reveal Problem With COVID Vaccinations - July 2022
- Pandemic Vitamin D levels dropped by 3.3 ng (perhaps less D, more health problems) – May 2022
- Long-COVID is now the biggest COVID concern (there are solutions) – July 2022
- Severe COVID 2.6 X less likely if supplement with Vitamin D – 26th meta-analysis - July 2022
- Calcifediol is in the title of 7 virus pages as of June 2022
- Some COVID hospitalizations are due to poor Vitamin D genes (Binding Protein in this commentary) – June 2022
- COVID, Cancer, etc. are Vitamin D low-hanging-fruit – Editorial June 2022
- COVID deaths are often of fully vaccinated in fully vaccinated countries – June 2022
- Both Omicron and Monkeypox show evidence of mutation by the human immune system – June 2022
- Treat COVID early with high-dose Vitamin D (20th as of June 2022)
- Vitamin D might mitigate endemic COVID - June 2022
- Vitamin D also provides COVID Neuroprotection – April 2022
- 89% are vaccinated, but Omicron BA.5 is surging (Portugal) June 2022
- COVID hospital deaths reduced 2X by 8 days of UVB – pilot RCT May 2022
- Surviving COVID with vitamins and minerals is not a myth – June 2022
- Vitamin D is the only one which: 1) Can be done at home, 2) Needs only a single dose
- 400,000 IU of vitamin D 3 days after COVID symptoms reduced 14 day mortality by 3X – Annweiler RCT May 2022
- Patients hospitalized with COVID not helped by 500,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT – May 2022
- Suspect that they did not get the Vitamin D until 1 week after getting symptoms
- both groups had adequate vitamin D levels upon entering hospital
- COVID-19 Is Treatable and Preventable With Vitamin D: Dr. Malone - May 24, 2022
- Less COVID if more vitamin D from food (Spain) – May 2022
- You Are Going to Get COVID Again … and Again … and Again once every 3 years
- Unless you take Vitamin D
- Omicron BA.2.12.1 - US dominate form,100,000 cases daily - May 24, 2022
- Problems after childhood vaccinations - many studies - perhaps fewer problems if more Vitamin D
- Loading dose of Vitamin D for patients hospitalized with COVID (140,000 IU) – RCT completed 2021
- COVID Ventilation 2X less likely if 200,000 IU of Vitamin D when enter hospital – May 2022
- COVID in seniors 5X less likely to be severe if vegetarian (small study) – April 2022
- Inhaling Nitric Oxide 4 times a day (which increases Vitamin D) fights COVID - May 2022
- Forecast of 100 million more US COVID infections in fall and winter - May 2022
- Vitamin D, Immune function, and SARS-CoV2 – May 2022
- COVID death 5.2X more likely if Vitamin D deficient – May 2022
- Severe COVID while pregnant - none had taken any vitamin D – Oct 2021
- Risk factors for severe COVID in children are all related to low vitamin D (same as adults) - April 2022
- Innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations - April 2022
- Dr. McCullough is one of the authors, in-depth look at VARS 2021 data
- COVID death 6.9X less likely if high Magnesium to Calcium ratio – April 2022
- 13 Magnesium and COVID studies in VitaminDWiki
- 21 fewer days in hospital with ARDS (COVID) if 10,000 IU of Vitamin D daily after enter hospital – RCT April, 2022
- Speculation: "No hospitalization if had gotten high dose vitamin D at COVID symptom onset"
- 4X less likely to get COVID following 4,000 IU daily for a month – RCT April 2022
- COVID and CVD deadly pandemics share a risk factor: low vitamin D - April 2022
- 29 X more likely to die of COVID if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D - March 2022
- 2.9 X less risk of COVID ICU if seniors had supplemented with Vitamin D (any amount) – April 2022
- Data from Spring of 2020. Wonder why the 2 year delay
- Micronutrients such as vitamin D should improve vaccine effectiveness (and decrease side effects) – April 2022
- High altitudes reduce the COVID-19 infection (not a surprise) – April 2022
- Obesity, Hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19 – April 2022
- COVID while pregnant: 2.6 X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient (need to supplement) - March 2022
- Pfizer vaccine produced 30 percent more antibodies if more vitamin D – July 2022
- COVID-XE variant can probably be fought by strong immune systems (Vitamin D, etc.) - April 2022
- COVID Long-Haul at 49 weeks: overactive immune system, type O blood - March 2022
- CDC and UK data reveal the COVID vaccines do not prevent cases, transmission, severe illness or deaths - April 3, 2022
- Children have less severe COVID, but just as much long-haul as adults - April 2022
- COVID-XE variant can probably be fought by strong immune systems (Vitamin D, etc.) - April 2022
- COVID breakthru 2X more likely if pregnant (should take Vitamin D) - April 2022
- COVID, like influenza, may be able to mutate to avoid vaccines for decades - March 2022
- Increase in COVID Omicron deaths among vaccinated (CA this time) - March 2022
- Risk of COVID not reduced by 3,200 IU of vitamin D for 6 months (no surprise) – RCT March 2022
- COVID length of stay: the best predictor was Vitamin D (of 70 parameters) – March 2022
- Review of Early Treatments of COVID-19 (within a few days of symptoms)
- Omicron-1 survives on surfaces 3X longer than original - March 18, 2022
- Compare symptoms of Omicron, Flu and Colds Vitamin D fights all of them
- Immune system both activates and uses vitamin D (in brain, fight COVID, etc.) - March 2022
- COVID length of stay: The best predictor was Vitamin D (of 70 parameters) – March 2022
- COVID: most places are dropping restrictions, some are surging, and a few are both - March 15, 2022
- Giving Vitamin D often reduced COVID Mortality– Review of 11 studies – March 2022
- 18 million excess global deaths in past 2 years: COVID plus collateral damage - Lancet March 2022
- decreased Vitamin D due to lock-up is one of the possible causes
- Vitamin D of 30-40 ng fights COVID, Dr. Grimes on Liverpool Study - March 2022
- Vitamin D separately helps X or COVID, should help X with COVID (example: diabetes) – March 2022
- Recall: 26 health problems associated with increased COVID risk, ALL are assoicated with low vitamin D
- COVID can be fought by healthy immune systems (vitamins, etc.) - Feb 2022
- Note elsewhere: Vitamin D improved immune system so much that half did not even test positive 24th meta-analysis
- Vitamin D helps both the innate and adaptive immune systems fight COVID-19 – Jan 2022
- Only a single supplement taken before infection decreased COVID severity (vitamin D) – Feb 2022
- COVID children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome have less than 10 ng of vitamin D – March 2022
- Vitamin D supplementation reduced risk of COVID-19 ICU by 2.8 X – review of 10 reviews Feb 2022
- COVID vaccination makes 6X more antibodies in those having good levels of both vitamin D and Iron – June 2021
- VitaminDWiki interview and transcript - Jan 2022 143 minute - includes a section on early treatments for COVID
- 14 X less likely to have severe COVID if previously had more than 40 ng level of Vitamin D – Feb 2022
- How vitamins A, B, C, D, E, F (Omega), K fight COVID - Feb 2022
- Estrogen supplements may cut COVID-19 deaths by half (no surprise - more E, more Vitamin D) - Feb 2022
- Group achieving 30 ng (vs 26 ng) were 2X less likely to get COVID symptoms - RCT Jan 2022
- Vitamin D helps both the innate and adaptive immune systems fight COVID-19 – Jan 2022
- COVID test positive is about half as likely if have Vitamin D – 24th meta-analysis - Jan 2022
- FLCCC COVID guidelines now include vitamin D loading doses - Jan 2022
- Vitamin D and its’ role in Parkinson’s disease patients with COVID - Jan 2022
- COVID death rate was 3X lower in those with Multiple Sclerosis (85 pcnt were taking Vitamin D) - Jan 2022
- Vitamin D fights COVID (54 studies of 1,400,000 people) – 23rd meta-analysis - Dec 2021
- Vitamin D benefits ignored at a time they are most needed - Grant Jan 9, 2022
- Increase in non-COVID deaths (ages 18-64) in Indiana, India, etc. - Jan 5, 2022
- Vitamin D and COVID-19: a narrative review - Holick - Jan 4, 2022
- Two times less likely to test positive for COVID if vitamin D level more than 55ng, etc. – Dec 31, 2021
- Vitamin D and COVID - Davies, Benskin (Dark Horse video with transcript) - Dec 27, 2021
- Ivermectin taken before COVID decreased death rate by 68 percent (3,000 with Ivermectin vs 3,000 without) - Dec 24, 2021
- The Vitamin D Receptor is associated with many health problems perhaps SARS-COV-2 as well
- Dr. McCullough on COVID-19: vaccine problems, home treatment – video, transcript – Dec 13, 2021
- Far fewer vaccination antibodies against Omicron - Dec 14, 2021
- Did HIV help Omicron evolve - Dec 10, 2021
- COVID-19 death increased 2X if low Vitamin D (less than 10 to less than 30 ng) – 21st meta-analysis Dec 2021
- Most COVID patients had sticky blood platelets (Omega-3 helps) - Dec 2021
- 16,000 Physicians and Scientists Agree Kids Shouldn’t Get COVID Vaccine - Dec 15, 2021
- Florida A.G. recommends Vitamin D, Zinc, Quercetin, etc. to reduce risk of COVID - Dec 12, 2021
- Vitamin D and a Dr. in Israel - Campbell video and transcript - Dec 11, 2021
- Epstein-Barr Virus may cause Long-Haul, CFS, and MS (Vitamin D should help)
- Pfizer knew of 290 kinds of COVID vaccine problems
- Vaccinated have HIGHER infection rates than unvaxxed (UK age 30-70) - Dec 9, 2021
- Rapid Vitamin D Delivery May Result in Better COVID Outcomes - Dec 9, 2021
- 11,321 Breakthru COVID cases in Massachusetts last week (fully vaccinated) - Dec 7, 2021
- COVID vaccines produce blood antibodies, not the needed mucosal antibodies - Dec 7, 2021
- also has several Vitamin D & COVID videos
- Coronaviruses evolve faster with vaccinations, expect more beyond Omicron - Nov 30, 2021
- Omega-3 decreases heart disease and COVID: Harris and Patrick, video and transcript - Dec 2021
- COVID is also associated with low Vitamin K - many studies
- Compulsory COVID Interventions do not work (400 studies - GreenMed Info) Dec 1, 2021
- Vitamin D loading doses quickly and safely raise levels – meta-analysis Dec 2021
- Real Anthony Fauci - book synopsis by Masterjohn Dec 3, 2021
- Large dose of calcifediol or vitamin D up to 15 days before COVID hospitalization reduced death rates (1.5X, 1.3X) – Dec 2021
- COVID-19 infection risk 2X higher in vaccinated than previously infected (28,000 in Netherlands) – preprint Nov 24, 2021
- Higher COVID death rates in more obese counties - Dec 2021
- COVID Virus kept mutating for 154 days in an immunocompromised person – Dec 2020
- COVID-19 risk reduction by Vitamin D, etc. - Grassroots Health Nov 29, 2021
- Vitamin D appears to drop while fighting COVID but recover later – Nov 2021
- How obesity reduces the ability of vitamin D to fight health problems such as COVID - Nov 2021
- Vaccinated were 28 percent of cases, 23 percent of deaths (waning)- CDC Sept 2021
- 11 percent fewer COVID-19 deaths if lockdowns had allowed sunshine – Nov 2021
- Long-Haul COVID is somewhat less of a problem if vaccinated – Nov 2021
- Elderly vaccinated for COVID were 2X more likely to die of ischemic stroke (2930 vs 1180 deaths)– Nov 2021
- Younger are much less likely to die of COVID than elderly (posters) - Nov 2021
- 3.3 X more likely to die if infected with SARS-Cov-2 plus a second pathogen – meta-analysis May 2021
- Pfizer trial vaccinated 22,000: 1 COVID death prevented, but 4 died of heart attacks - Nov 2021
- Problems with vaccine use during a pandemic - Dr. Bossche 2021, 2022
- 3,900 deaths within 2 weeks of 2nd vaccination in Sweden - Nov 18, 2021
- Discussion of COVID and 50 ng of Vitamin D (video and transcript)– Dr. Campbell Nov 17, 2021
- Vaccine definition by the CDC seems to now include Vitamin D - Sept 2021
- US is buying 5 billion dollars of Pfizer COVID pills (10 million dollars of Vitamin D might do as well) - Nov 2021
- Vaccination immunity is waning - Fauci - Nov 14, 2021
- Low Vitamin D etc. more than 3 months after COVID hospitalization – Sept 2021
- Bill Gates admits COVID-19 vaccines don't stop viral transmission - Nov 5, 2021
- COVID, influenza, hepatitis B, measles, etc. vaccine responses vary with Vitamin D and its receptor
- 2X more male teens died than normal in England this summer (perhaps vaccination) - Oct 2021
- Vaccine passports expire in 6 months in Israel, but not (yet) in the US - Oct 2021
- COVID probably fought by Vitamin D, might need 50 ng - Dr. Patrick Nov 8, 2021
- COVID-19 risk reduced by vitamin D supplementation – umbrella review of 7 meta-analysis – Oct 2021
- Perhaps 3X more likely to catch COVID-19 in a group (church) in Nov 2021 than Nov 2020
- Vaccination effectiveness dropped from 83 percent to ZERO after 9 months (Sweden, preprint) – Oct 2021
- COVID natural Immunity is most likely better than vaccination immunity- literature review by Masterjohn - Oct 2021
- COVID winter is coming again in Northern US, Canada, Europe, Russia - Nov 2021
- French recommended 200,000 IU of Vitamin D to stop COVID-19 - Jan 2021
- COVID-19 severity associated with 3 vitamin D genes – Oct 2021
- Vitamin D was the only supplement that fought COVID-19 (out of 6) – Oct 2021
- Colin Powell died of COVID-19 (he had 4 risk factors for low vitamin D) – Oct 18, 2021
- https://vdmeta.com/
- COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D (example: ICU reduced by 5X) – 20th meta-analysis Oct 13, 2021
- COVID-19 and Vitamin D (42 studies, consensus) – Oct 2021
- Vitamin D was a top COVID-19 treatment at 4 hospital groups - May 2021
~ 83,000 patients
- COVID-19 and Vitamin D - Wikipedia Oct 10, 2021
- COVID-19 risk reduction by early treatment: 5X Vitamin D – Oct 8, 2021
- Dr. McCullough on COVID-19: vaccine problems, home treatment – video, slides, transcript – Oct and Dec 2021
- COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities associated with the type of Vitamin D Receptor – Oct 2021
- COVID-19 and Vitamin D – expert consensus and guidelines (Annweiler, behind paywall) – Oct 2021
- Pfizer vaccine half as effective as Moderna after 6 months (fading or Delta) - Mayo preprint Aug 2021
- Severe COVID-19 2.5 X more likely if low vitamin D (23 studies) – 19th meta-analysis Oct 2021
- COVID-19 cases vs. vaccination (counties and countries) - Sept 2021
- 7 Symptoms predictive of COVID-19 (from 1,000,000 in UK) – Oct 2021
- Emergency treatments if get COVID-19 symptoms - Oct 2021
- COVID-19 mortality extrapolates to zero at 50 ng of vitamin D – 18th Meta-analysis Sept 2021
- COVID-19 patients getting 300,000 IU of Vitamin D were 5X less likely to die – Sept 2021
- COVID-19 patients had low levels of Zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C – Sept 2021
- US COVID-19 deaths now exceed 1918 flu, soon AIDS (Vitamin D fights all 3) - Sept 19, 2021
- Predict 2X more likely to die of COVID-19 if vitamin D Deficient (Iran 2020) – Sept 2021
- COVID-19 appears reduced by Resveratrol plus 100K IU of vitamin D – Small RCT Sept 2021
- COVID-19 Vitamin D Clinical Trials - US Sept 15, 2021 36 trials
- Long-haul, VAERS, Ivermectin, vaccines, etc. Drs. Seheult, Patrick: Video with table of contents - Sept 17, 2021
- Vitamin D might augment COVID-19 vaccines – 6 papers as of Dec 2021
- COVID-19 risk reduced 4X by each of: Vitamin D, Omega-3, Curcumin, Zinc (each increases D in cells)
- COVID-19 risk reduction by early treatment: 5X Vitamin D – Oct 8, 2021
- Vitamin D and Health video with transcript - Dr. Grant Sept 2021
- Influence of Vitamin D on COVID-19 (Guidebook) - Benskin Sept 2021
- Vitamin D and COVID, review of evidence, loading dose if less than 50 ng - Masterjohn Sept 2021
- Higher vitamin D, less severe COVID and deaths in hospital (in Iran this time) – Sept 2021
- COVID-19 therapeutics and cytokine storms (vitamin D occurs 51 times) – Aug 2021
- Many Vitamin D metabolites: some help skin aging, reduce Cytokine storms, but are not tested – Aug 2021
- Fauci investing 3 billion dollars to develop a safe pill to fight virus (but we already have 3) – Aug 4, 2021
- US coalition of Black and Latino churches hope to reduce the 3X COVID-19 disparity - Aug 2021
- Less than 10 dollars of Vitamin D per COVID-19 life saved in Myanmar - Jan 2021
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines might be increased by Vitamin D – Aug 2021
- Various forms of Vitamin D should be able to fight COVID-19 (model) – Aug 2021
- Vaccinated and Unvaccinated are just as infectious after catching COVID-Delta (UK study) - Aug 2021
- In-home testing of viral load, etc. Dr. Topol interview with transcript – Aug 11, 2021
- Boosting Immunity with Vitamin D to reduce COVID-19 risks - Aug 2021
- A virus can mutate to avoid a vaccine, need more than vaccines to fight a virus – July 31, 2021
- COVID-19 mortality was associated with vitamin D deficiency of 47 countries – July 2021
- Severe COVID-19 5X more likely if low vitamin D (23 studies) – 16th meta-analysis July 2021
- Initial efficacy of vaccines against COVID-Delta - July 20, 2021
- Taking vitamin D (guess 600 IU avg) reduced US COVID-19 risk by 25 percent (more D would be better) – July 2021
- Many drugs, such as Vitamin D, decrease the risk of COVID-19 – July 2021
- Vaccine effectiveness may drop to only 16% in 6 months if time between jabs was only 3 weeks – July 2021
- Vitamin D known to fight 8 classes of health problems, probably fight COVID-19 as well – July 2021
- Vitamin D, C, A, and E, as well as Iron, Se, and Zinc each augment vaccine response – July 2021
- Vitamin D is one of 14 ways proven to treat COVID-19 – July 2021
- COVID-19 death 40 percent less likely if supplemented with Vitamin D and got above 30 ng (Spain 108,000 people) – July 2021
- Severe pediatric COVID 5.5 more likely if low vitamin D (review of 6 studies) -July 2021
- 5,000 U daily raised Vitamin D a bit and helped COVID-19 a bit – RCT June 2021
- Severe COVID-19 3.5 more likely if low vitamin D (30 studies) – meta-analysis July 2021
- 7X less likely to go to ICU if COVID-19 ward gave calcifediol (semi-activated Vitamin D) – July 2021
- Poor food, little intense exercise again associated with low Vitamin D (and more COVID-19 in this case) – July 2021
- If low vitamin D, 2.5X more likely enter hospital with COVID-19 (UK, 10 months) – June 17, 2021
- COVID-19 patients who had supplemented with Vitamin D were 3X less likely to enter ICU – June 2021
- Vitamin D and COVID-19 both affect immune cells – June 2021
- Pandemics are now every few years, next might be in 2025 (Vitamin D levels have crashed) – June 2021
- Higher rate of serious Vaccination problems than COVID-19 deaths – June 24, 2021
- COVID-19 5X worse if poor Vitamin D gene (CYP2R1) – June 2021
- 600,000 IU of Vitamin D helped 26 out of 28 COVID-19 patients in ICU (Brazil and Bolivia) June 2021
- 3 billion dollars being spent on developing a pill to treat pandemic viruses (ignoring Vitamin D)
- COVID-19 death in hospital 5X more likely if low vs high vitamin D – preprint June 2021
- COVID-19 and variants are here to stay (he fails to mention that vitamin D might help) - June 2021
- Vitamin D reduces COVID-19 complications – June 2021
- How Vitamin D, Magnesium, Omega-3 and Zinc prevent and treat COVID-19 and many other health problems – June 2021
- More than enough evidence on the Yellow Card system to declare the COVID-19 vaccines unsafe for use in humans. - June 9, 2021
- COVID-19 deaths 1.7X more likely if low vitamin D (even after “adjusting” for low D health problems) – May 2021
- Vitamin D has the most supporting science of all micronutrients to fight COVID-19 – May 2021
- COVID-19 fought by Vitamin D, how much more evidence is needed -May 2021
- COVID-21 (COVID-19 with mutations) causing increased pregnancy problems in Brazil and India – May 2021 Pregnancy
- COVID-19, dark skin, pregnancy - Dr. Grimes, etc. - May 2021 Pregnancy
- Increased pregnancy problems with COVID-19 – meta-analysis and letter to editor – April 2021 Pregnancy
- Vitamin D Receptor activation should reduce ARDS associated with COVID-19 - June 2020
- Half of COVID-19 death rate differences explained by rates of elderly influenza vaccination and low vitamin D – April 2021
- COVID-19 inflammation extinguished by 60,000 IU of vitamin D nanoemulsion daily for a week – RCT May 2021
- Treatments for 303,000 COVID-19 patients: vitamin D is both popular and over-the-counter – May 2021 Red = Vitamin D
- Dr. Fauci speculates on future use of masks in the winter (when vitamin D levels are low) May 2021
- Country reliant on tourism vaccinated, but now 1 in 1,000 get COVID-19 daily - May 2021
- Many supplements appear to fight COVID-19 – vitamin D cited 52 times – May 2021
- COVID-19 deaths 1.5X less likely if more than 40 ng of vitamin D – US VA – April 2021
- Growing consensus: COVID-19 symptoms are due to infected blood vessels - April 2021
- COVID-19 while pregnant increased many infant health problems by 1.5X – April 29, 2021 Pregnancy
- Multiple Sclerosis patients had fewer COVID-19 problems (Note: many MSers take Vitamin D) – April 30, 2021
- Problems with vaccine use during a pandemic - Dr. Bossche interview with transcript - April 22, 2021
- Vitamin D supplementation and high levels reduce COVID-19 deaths in elderly – Review April 17, 2021
- Co-Epidemic of Obesity and COVID-19 (a co-epidemic of Vitamin D not mentioned) – April 2021
- Vitamin D fights many health symptoms, including COVID-19: Dr. Mahtani video and transcript - April 2021
- COVID-19 vaccines look good in the short term, but probably not good for the long term
- COVID-19 while pregnant is not good (increased risk of dying by 22X) – April 2021 Pregnancy
- COVID-19 increased chance of death within 6 months by 1.6X, even if not hospitalized – April 2021
- Elderly nutrition and COVID-19 – systematic review July 2021
- Hospitalized children with COVID-19 and inflammation had lower vitamin D – March 2021
- Probablity of COVID-19 death increased 8X if had Periodionttitis
- COVID-19 risks reduced by Vitamin D, Magnesium, Zinc, Resveratrol, Omega-3, etc. (auto-updated)
- Long-haul COVID-19 - another hint that Vitamin D should help - Dec 2020
- 6X less risk of COVID-19 ICU if Vitamin D and Vit B12 and Mg – Jan 2021
- Vitamin D supplementation and high levels reduce COVID-19 deaths in elderly – Review April 17, 2021
- Severe childhood COVID-19 associated with Vitamin D deficiency (hospital in Turkey) – March 2021
- Kidney patients who happened to be getting high-dose Calcitriol were 9X less likely to die of COVID-19 - April 6, 2021
- Overview of reviews of COVID-19 and vitamin D, etc. – April 2021
- Less COVID-19 infection, mortality in countries with higher Vitamin D (Asia in this case) – May 2021
- COVID-19 was the third-leading cause of death in the US, especially in those with dark skins - April 1, 2021
- Children with COVID-19 and low levels of Vitamin D have more severe cases – March 31, 2021
- Risk of COVID-19 death was 4.9 X higher if very low vitamin D – March 31, 2021 17th mortality observation
- Diabetes has many bidirectional links with COVID-19 – March 2021
- Diabetes is one of the 26 health risks identified by the CDC for getting COVID-19 - ALL of which are associated with low vitamin D
- COVID-19 was 2.6X more severe if very low Vitamin D (43 studies) – meta-analysis March 26, 2021
- To protect against COVID-19, how much vitamin D – 20 to 50 ng – March 19, 2021
- COVID-19 mortality for Parkinson’s is 1 in 5, speculates that vitamin D could help - March 18, 2021
- Prefer 40 – 60 ng of Vitamin D to minimize COVID-19 – March 17, 2021
- The lower the Vitamin D, the worse the COVID-19 (600 in Turkey)– March 2021
- COVID-19 prognostic indicators in plasma extrapolate to zero if Vitamin D is 40 to 80 ng – March 2021
- COVID public health messages 1, 2, and 3 should be - vitamin d vitamin d, vitamin d (video and transcript) - Mar 5, 2021
- COVID-19 mortality 2X higher if low Vitamin D (Mexican hospital, preprint) - March 2021
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and long-haul COVID-19
- low vitamin D, autoimmune and cytokine storms may be involved on both
- 2.1 X more COVID-19 deaths in European countries with less than 20 ng of vitamin D – March 12, 2021
- Supporting non-standard but proven ways to fight COVID-19 can result in job loss – March 2021
- 3X less likely to die of COVID-19 if good level of vitamin D (seniors in Boston)– March 8, 2021
- Low Vitamin D associated with 2.7X more severe COVID-19 – 12th MA March 5, 2021
- COVID-19 fought by Vitamin D or Heat - Drs Seheult and Patrick video - March 3, 2021
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Covid-19: Book by Drs Anderson and Grimes - July 2020
- Vitamin D recommendations for COVID-19 – Spanish Geriatrics Society – March 2021
- 250,000 FREE bottles of vitamin D to fight COVID-19 by Dr. Murray at iHerb – March 3 2021 Dr. Oz show
- Vitamin D and COVID-19 webinar - Feb 24, 2021
- Mongolia's National Vitamin D3 Program started in 2019
- COVID-19 what it is, prevention by Functional Nutrition doctor - Feb 2021
- All COVID-19 in ICU had low vitamin D, no difference in outcome if low vs very low – Feb 2021
- Low-cost Ivermectin and Vitamin D fight COVID-19 – Marik video 1 hr – Feb 18, 2021
- Low vitamin D associated with COVID-19 problems in NYC hospitals – Feb 2021
- All COVID-19 patients had low vitamin D, the lowest were more likely to die – Feb 18, 2021
- Vitamin D not help 10 days after COVID-19 symptoms - RCT March 2021
- 5X less likely to enter ICU with COVID-19 if get Calcifediol (semi-activated vitamin D) - RCT Feb 19, 2021
- Ultra-Orthodox Jews have concealing clothing, high levels of COVID-19, and ultra low Vitamin D - Feb 2021
- c19study.com/d Summary of Vitamin D and COVID studies (the following is updated automatically)
- Vitamin D can prevent severe COVID-19 in Latin America too – review Feb 1, 2021
- Vitamin D and COVID-19: 1 hour simple video - Jan 31, 2021
- Higher vitamin D in a country is associated with fewer COVID-19 cases (in Asia) Feb 3, 2021 44th association
- Vitamin-D and COVID-19: time for the profession to take a stand – Jan 20, 2021
- Roll Call of Credible Experts Advocating Vitamin D for COVID-19 - Jan 26, 2021
- Call for immediate action - Fight COVID-19 with vitamin D (up to 4,000 IU) - Jan 28, 2021
- Vitamin D, Zinc, etc. look promising for COVID-19 (Holick) – Jan 25, 2021
- Heavy Smokers 2.2 X more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 (they typically have 10 ng less Vitamin D) Jan 25 FREE PDF
- Vitamin D plus Inositol might help pregnancies during COVID-19 – April 2021
- MATH plus protocol for COVID-19 includes Calcifediol or Vitamin D - Jan 2021
- Vitamin D supplementation fights COVID-19 – 11th meta-analysis Jan 24, 2021
- Vitamin D helps the immune system fight COVID-19 – video Jan 21, 2021
- COVID-19 2.7 X more likely to be severe if less than 8 ng of vitamin D (China) – Jan 2021
- 2.7 fewer COVID-19 hospital deaths in those having more than 30 ng of vitamin D – Mayo Jan 9, 2021
- Vitamin D Help Us Fight Infections - interview of Dr. Thakkar (transcript) Jan 20, 2021
- COVID-19 onset strongly associated with latitude in Europe (Vitamin D)– Jan 21, 2021
- France: 73 experts and 6 academies recommend vitamin D to prevent COVID-19 Jan 19, 2021
- Worse COVID-19 patients got 400,000 IU of vitamin D, deaths cut in half – Jan 14, 2021
- Vitamin D-COVID interview by Dr. Campbell of Davies (member of UK Parliament) - Jan 17, 2021
- Iranians with COVID-19 were 2.3 X more likely to die if low vitamin D – Jan 2021
- Many COVID-19 risks are associated with low vitamin D (7 studies) – Systematic Review Jan 2021
- 40 ng of Vitamin D to fight COVID 15K to 50K weekly or 100K monthly - Spanish Jan 2021
- Poor COVID-19 prognosis was 6 X more likely if low vitamin D – Jan 21, 2021
- Unraveling the roles of vitamin D status and melanin during COVID-19 (Review) Jan 11
- Less than 10 dollars of Vitamin D per COVID-19 life saved in Myanmar - Jan 2021
- 2.8 X fewer COVID-19 nursing home deaths if add 10,000 IU Vitamin D daily for a week (small observation)- Jan 2021
- 3.7 X less likely to die of COVID-19 if supplemented with Vitamin D - meta-analysis Jan 5, 2021
- COVID-19 test positive 4.5 X more likely if had low vitamin D test within 4 years – Jan 6, 2021
- Don’t Let COVID-19 Patients Die With Vitamin D Deficiency - Jan 5, 2021
- Less likely to test positive for COVID-19 if higher Vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 6, 2021
- Vitamin D reduces COVID-19 by 80 percent - anonymous meta-analysis - Jan 5, 2021
- COVID 19 Video - Drs. Seheult and Campbell - Jan 2021
- Many drugs increase ACE2 and COVID-19 (176 page review) - Dec 2020
- Italian nursing home COVID-19 – 4X less likely to die if taking Vitamin D– Dec 22, 2020
- Take 50,000 IU of Vitamin D weekly before and after COVID-19 vaccination by VItaminDWiki
- COVID-19 lung infection upsets Vitamin D genes (so more or different form of Vit D is required) - Dec 22, 2020
- COVID-19 Disease and Vitamin D: A Mini-Review – Dec 15, 2020
- French Consensus – 200,000 IU of Vitamin D if get COVID-19 – Dec 22, 2020
- Rational approach to COVID-19: 50k-100k of Vitamin D weekly – Dec 2020
- Shift workers 2X more likely to get COVID-19 (low Vitamin D) - Dec 2020
- COVID-19 plus pneumonia in ICU with low vitamin D equaled Death - Dec 2020
- Excellent on-going analysis of Vitamin D and COVID-19 publications
- Those getting high dose vitamin D were 7 X less likely to die of COVID-19 - Dec 11, 2020
- COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D had far fewer natural killer cells – Dec 2020
- COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview of Evidence by Dr. Seheult (Video and transcript) - Dec 10, 2020
- 75 articles indicate that Vitamin D should fight COVID-19 – Evidence Review Dec 10, 2020
- COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview by Dr. in Sri Lanka (Video and transcript) - Dec 8, 2020
- Vitamin D recommended to fight COVID-19 by 2 groups – Dec 7, 2020
- Vitamin D helps athletes while reducing their COVID-19 risk - Dec 4, 2020
- 5X more likely to test positive for COVID-19 if low vitamin D in previous 5 years (900,000 people) - Dec 4, 2020
- 5.8 X more likely to die of COVID-19 if low vitamin D - Systematic Review Dec 3, 2020
- Evidence of Vitamin D fighting COVID-19 etc. - take 4,000 IU if less than 20 ng (UK) – Dec 1, 2020
- 3.8 X higher risk of COVID-19 death if low vitamin D – Belgium Nov 25, 2020
- Hyperglycemic 2X more likely to have severe COVID-19 - Nov 2020 Diabetes
- A Medical School COVID-19 protocol includes Vitamin D for all phases – Marik Nov 2020
- Fight COVID-19 without drugs or vaccines, Vitamin D is the single most-studied way – Nov 2020
- Hospital COVID-19 observation: 7X more likely to live if more than 20 ng of vitamin D– Nov 19, 2020
- Higher vitamin D associated with fewer cases and deaths in India Nov 2020
- COVID-19 defeated 3x faster by 420,000 IU Vitamin D nanoemulsion – RCT Nov 12, 2020
- 9X COVID-19 survival in nursing home if had 80,000 IU dose of vitamin D in previous month – Oct 2020
- Rate of COVID-19 test positive is 40 pcnt lower if high vitamin D (192,000 people) - Holick Sept 2020
Many clinical trials are underway which are testing Vitamin D to fight COVID-19