Am J Perinatol. 2011 Jan;28(1):7-12. Epub 2010 Jul 16.
Johnson DD, Wagner CL, Hulsey TC, McNeil RB, Ebeling M, Hollis BW.
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-0619, USA. johnsodo@musc.edu
The objective was to determine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency in African-American, Hispanic, and Caucasian pregnant women. Blood samples were taken from 154 African-American, 194 Hispanic, and 146 Caucasian women at <14 weeks of gestation; 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels (25(OH)D) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean 25(OH)D levels in African-American, Hispanic, and Caucasian pregnant women were 15.5 ± 7.2 (standard deviation), 24.1 ± 8.7, 29.0 ± 8.5 ng/mL, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of African-Americans, 81% of Hispanics, and 67% of Caucasians were deficient (25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL or <50 nmol/L) or insufficient (25(OH)D levels ? 20 ng/mL or <32 ng/mL or ? 50 nmol/L or <80 nmol/L). Of these pregnant women, 82% had vitamin D levels <32 ng/mL (<80 ng/mL). In logistic regression models, race was the most important risk factor for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. African-American women and Hispanic women were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency than Caucasian women. Furthermore, primigravid women were more at risk for vitamin D insufficiency. This study demonstrates widespread vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in pregnant females living at a southern latitude. African-Americans are at greatest risk.
Thieme Medical Publishers. PMID: 20640974
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The above article is similar to a previous article by many of the same authors
https://www.vitamindwiki.com/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=1625|Profound vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy - Dec 2010] PDF
Which has a similar graph
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See Also VitaminDWiki
Snapshot from April 2011: Overview Moms babies and vitamin D = Vitamin D: Before, During, and After Pregnancy
^The more vitamin D the mother takes, the more benefits for the future child.
- The maternal benefits have not been proven to start until an average daily dose of 2,000 IU
- The benefits accumulate as the vitamin D dose level is raised
- It costs only $12 per year to take an average of 2,000 IU of vitamin D
- Taking 4,000 or 6,000 IU raises the cost, due to cost of co-factors and blood test (price of test ranges from $0 to $200)
- There have been some clinical trials with 6,000 IU, and more are in progress
Vitamin D before, during, and after pregnancy: at VitaminDWiki.com
| Dose IU | Cumulative Benefit | Blood level and notes | Co-factors (see list) | Calcium | $*/year |
| 400 | + less infant rickets + 3X less adolescent Schizophrenia + fewer child seizures | <30 ng/ml | Not needed | No effect | $3 |
| 2000 | + More likely to get pregnant naturally or via IVF + fewer dental problems with pregnancy + 8X less diabetes + 4X fewer C-sections (>37 ng) + 4X less preeclampsia (40 ng vs 10 ng) + 5X less child asthma | 42 ng/ml | Desirable | < 750 mg | $12 |
| 4000 | + 2X fewer pregnancy complications + 2X fewer per-term births | 49 ng/ml Test Vitamin D | Must have | < 750 mg | $175 |
| 6000 | + probable larger benefits for items listed above + Enough D for breastfed infant + Perhaps prevent 2nd autistic child | Test Vitamin D clinical trials underway | Must have | < 750 mg | $200 |