Ultra-Orthodox Jews have concealing clothing, high levels of COVID-19, and ultra low Vitamin D - Feb 2021

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Extremely high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a strictly-Orthodox Jewish community in the UK - Feb 2021

Preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.01.21250839
View ORCID ProfileKatherine M Gaskell, Marina Johnson, Victoria Gould, Adam Hunt, Neil RH Stone, View ORCID ProfileWilliam Waites, Ben Kasstan, Tracey Chantler, Sham Lal, View ORCID ProfileChrissy h. Roberts, View ORCID ProfileDavid Goldblatt, View ORCID ProfileRosalind M Eggo, View ORCID ProfileMichael M Marks

Background Ethnic and religious minorities have been disproportionately affected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. The UK strictly-Orthodox Jewish community has been severely affected by the pandemic. This group shares characteristics with other ethnic minorities including larger family sizes, higher rates of household crowding and relative socioeconomic deprivation. We studied a UK strictly-Orthodox Jewish population to understand how COVID-19 had spread within this community.

Methods We performed a household-focused cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey specific to three antigen targets. Randomly-selected households completed a standardised questionnaire and underwent serological testing with a multiplex assay for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. We report clinical illness and testing before the serosurvey, seroprevalence stratified by age and gender. We used random-effects models to identify factors associated with infection and antibody titres.

Findings A total of 343 households, consisting of 1,759 individuals, were recruited. Serum was available for 1,242 participants. The overall seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 was 64.3% (95% CI 61.6-67.0%). The lowest seroprevalence was 27.6% in children under 5 years and rose to 73.8% in secondary school children and 74% in adults. Antibody titres were higher in symptomatic individuals and declined over time since reported COVID-19 symptoms, with the decline more marked for nucleocapsid titres. Interpretation In this tight-knit religious minority population in the UK, we report one of the highest SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence levels in the world to date. In the context of this high force of infection, all age groups experienced a high burden of infection. Actions to reduce the burden of disease in this and other minority populations are urgently required.
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  • "Our estimate of 65% population seroprevalence is markedly higher than recent estimates of 6.9% (95%CI 6.3-7.4%) nationally and 10.8% (95% CI 9.3-12.5%) in London by random sampling in October by the Office for National Statistics (ONS)"

VitaminDWiki pages containing CLOTH in title (21 as of Dec 2021)

Items found: 22
Title Modified
More hijab clothing may have resulted in 6X increase in Multiple Sclerosis in Tehran – May 2013 23 Aug, 2023
Concealing Clothing in Canada: half the level of vitamin D in blood – May 2012 22 Apr, 2022
Saudi females twice as likely to be vitamin D deficient as males (cloth) – July 2015 27 Dec, 2021
Ultra-orthodox Jews also suffer from 10 ng vitamin D levels (cloth) – Nov 2010 10 Dec, 2021
Need 1 hour of noon sun to get Hijab women to 20 ng of Vitamin D (cloth) – June 2019 10 Dec, 2021
COVID-19 increased 3.5 X if Ultra-Orthodox (cloth) Sept, 2020 10 Dec, 2021
400 IU of vitamin D helped a few adults (Orthodox Jewish mothers - heavy clothing) – 2001 10 Dec, 2021
Jordanian women vitamin D – 16 ng if Western clothing – 12 ng otherwise – Aug 2011 07 Aug, 2021
Burka clothing reduces vitamin D levels, which causes pregnancy problems – Oct 2015 07 Aug, 2021
Ultra-Orthodox Jews have concealing clothing, high levels of COVID-19, and ultra low Vitamin D - Feb 2021 07 Aug, 2021
Concealing clothing resulted in only 8 ng vitamin D – Feb 2011 07 Aug, 2021
Concealing clothing often results in low vitamin D levels (Sikh children in this case) – Aug 2021 07 Aug, 2021
Concealing clothing worn by Christian Orthodox monks result in low vitamin D (9 ng) – Nov 2018 14 Nov, 2018
Weak bones (Osteopenia) in 93 percent of women in Pakistan attending University and wearing Islamic clothes – March 2017 18 Mar, 2017
Permethrin-dipped clothing kills Zika mosquitoes even after 10 washings – Oct 2016 09 Sep, 2016
3 primates have higher levels of vitamin D than clothed humans, level varies between individuals – April 2015 10 May, 2015
Iran Multiple Sclerosis review finds huge increase in women (no mention of clothing) – Nov 2013 10 Aug, 2014
If heavily clothed, very little vitamin D – Dec 2012 22 Mar, 2014
Breast Cancer patients wearing concealing clothing were 13X more likely to be vitamin D deficient – March 2014 14 Mar, 2014
Excessive clothes and being indoors results in very low vitamin D levels – Nov 2011 01 Dec, 2013
UPF = SPF for clothing 01 Feb, 2012
Skin color and clothing but not sunscreens reduce vitamin D – Oct 2010 16 Oct, 2010

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