Vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia in early pregnancy.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Nov 26;15(1):314.
Al-Ajlan A1, Krishnaswamy S2, Alokail MS3, Aljohani NJ4, Al-Serehi A5, Sheshah E6, Alshingetti NM7, Fouda M8, Turkistani IZ9, Al-Daghri NM10.
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. aalajl@hotmail.com.
2Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ksounder@gmail.com.
3Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. msa85@yahoo.co.uk.
4Specialized Diabetes and Endocrine Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia. najij@hotmail.com.
5Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 59406, Saudi Arabia. aalserehi@kfmc.med.sa.
6Diabetes Care Center, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. eman_shesha@hotmail.com.
7Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alshingetti@yahoo.com.
8Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia. monafoudaneel@yahoo.com.
9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia. iqbalzmt@hotmail.com.
10Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. aldaghri2011@gmail.com.
BACKGROUND:
Vitamin D deficiency is a common nutritional issue and dietary supplementation in the general population, including pregnant women, is generally advised. Appropriately high levels of vitamin D are expected to play a role in containing the glycemic and atherogenic profiles observed in pregnancy. However, the relation between vitamin D status and the lipid metabolic profile in Saudi women, who are known to suffer from chronic vitamin D deficiency and high incidence of obesity and type II DM, during the course of pregnancy is not known.
METHODS:
In this study, we analyzed the relation between serum vitamin D level and various serum metabolic markers among Saudi women (n = 515) in their first trimester of pregnancy (11.2 ± 3.4 weeks). Coefficients of Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation were calculated for Gaussian and non-Gaussian variables, respectively. Serum vitamin D status was defined as (in nmol/L): deficient (<25), insufficient (25-50); sufficient (50-75) and desirable (>75).
RESULTS:
Results indicated that vitamin D status was sufficient in only 3.5 % of the study participants and insufficient and deficient in 26.2 % and 68.0 % of participants, respectively. Serum vitamin D values in the overall study population correlated positively with serum levels of total cholesterol (R = 0.172; p < 0.01), triglycerides (R = 0.184; p < 0.01) and corrected calcium (R = 0.141; p < 0.05). In the subgroup of vitamin D deficient subjects (n = 350), log serum vitamin D values correlated with serum triglycerides (R = 0.23; p = 0.002) and cholesterol (R = 0.26; p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
The positive correlations between serum vitamin D and the atherogenic factors such as total cholesterol and triglycerides indicate a pro-atherogenic metabolic status in vitamin D deficient expectant mothers. This may represent an adaptation to the high metabolic demands of pregnancy.
PMID: 26610599
See also VitaminDWiki
Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D has the following summary
IU | Cumulative Benefit | Blood level | Cofactors | Calcium | $*/month |
200 | Better bones for mom with 600 mg of Calcium | 6 ng/ml increase | Not needed | No effect | $0.10 |
400 | Less Rickets (but not zero with 400 IU) 3X less adolescent Schizophrenia Fewer child seizures | 20-30 ng/ml | Not needed | No effect | $0.20 |
2000 | 2X More likely to get pregnant naturally/IVF 2X Fewer dental problems with pregnancy 8X less diabetes 4X fewer C-sections (>37 ng) 4X less preeclampsia (40 ng vs 10 ng) 5X less child asthma 2X fewer language problems age 5 | 42 ng/ml | Desirable | < 750 mg | $1 |
4000 | 2X fewer pregnancy complications 2X fewer pre-term births | 49 ng/ml | Should have cofactors | < 750 mg | $3 |
6000 | Probable: larger benefits for above items Just enough D for breastfed infant More maternal and infant weight | Should have cofactors | < 750 mg | $4 |
Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D has the following summary
Problem | Vit. D Reduces | Evidence | |||
0. Chance of not conceiving | 3.4 times | Observe | |||
1. Miscarriage | 2.5 times | Observe | |||
2. Pre-eclampsia | 3.6 times | RCT | |||
3. Gestational Diabetes | 3 times | RCT | |||
4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality | 3.5 times | Observe | |||
5. Premature birth | 2 times | RCT | |||
6. C-section - unplanned | 1.6 times | Observe | |||
Stillbirth - OMEGA-3 | 4 times | RCT - Omega-3 | |||
7. Depression AFTER pregnancy | 1.4 times | RCT | |||
8. Small for Gestational Age | 1.6 times | meta-analysis | |||
9. Infant height, weight, head size within normal limits | RCT | ||||
10. Childhood Wheezing | 1.3 times | RCT | |||
11. Additional child is Autistic | 4 times | Intervention | |||
12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis | 1.9 times | Observe | |||
13. Preeclampsia in young adult | 3.5 times | RCT | |||
14. Good motor skills @ age 3 | 1.4 times | Observe | |||
15. Childhood Mite allergy | 5 times | RCT | |||
16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits | 2.5 times | RCT |
RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial
Pages listed in BOTH of the categories Pregnancy and Middle East
- Low vitamin D is big problem during pregnancies (Saudi Arabia in this case) – Aug 2022
- Poor sleep associated with low Vitamin D (pregnant Saudis in the case) – Jun 2022
- 400 IU of vitamin D helped a few adults (Orthodox Jewish mothers - heavy clothing) – 2001
- Very low Vitamin D in Indian pregnancies– 1 in 3 women not even have 20 ng – meta-analysis June 2021
- Fetal femur bone length associated with maternal vitamin D – March 2018
- Pregnant Arab women 25 X more likely to have low vitamin D if indoors a lot – April 2018
- Turkey recommended 1200 IU Vitamin D during pregnancy, only 1 in 7 took more than 1,000 IU – Sept 2017
- Preeclampsia recurrence reduced 2 X by 50,000 IU of vitamin D every two weeks – RCT July 2017
- Preterm labor 20 times more likely if low vitamin D, etc. (India) – Feb 2017
- Universal pregnancy vitamin D supplementation for a hospital in India – study stopped after 1 month – April 2016
- Ethnicity and low vitamin D levels during pregnancy – Jan 2016
- Saudi pregnancies – only 1 in 16 had even 20 nanograms of vitamin D – Nov 2015
- Burka clothing reduces vitamin D levels, which causes pregnancy problems – Oct 2015
- Turkey has yet not learned to GIVE vitamin D DURING pregnancy (5 ng average) – May 2014
- 33 percent of pregnant women in Turkey had undetectable vitamin D levels – May 2011
- Only 19 percent of Turkish mothers had normal levels of vitamin D – 2009
- Arab preterm infants often have less than 10 ng of vitamin D - 2010
- Majority of infant seizures in India due to lack of vitamin D - July 2010
Overview Middle East and vitamin D has the following