Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Front Neurol. 2018 Nov 12;9:909. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00909. eCollection 2018.
Luo X1, Ou R1, Dutta R1, Tian Y1, Xiong H2, Shang H1.
1 Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
2 Department of Geriatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
The articles in both Parkinson's and Meta-analysis
- Parkinson’s disease 1.6X more likely if a poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Jan 2020
- Parkinson’s disease 20 percent more likely in Asians if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis April 2019
- Parkinson’s patients 50X less likely to get even a little sun– meta-analysis Jan 2019
- Parkinson's Disease 2.1 X more likely if low Vitamin D – Meta-analysis Nov 2018
- Parkinson’s Disease systematic review finds association with low vitamin D – Jan 2016
- 2X more Parkinson's disease if modified vitamin D receptor genes – meta-analysis Aug 2014
- Parkinson's and Alzheimer's: associations with vitamin D receptor genes and race – meta-analysis July 2014
- Parkinson’s Disease – no association found with changes in Vitamin D genes – meta-analysis June 2014
- Parkinson’s disease 2X more likely if low Vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2014
- Parkinson’s Disease and the “Sunshine” Vitamin (vitamin D) – July 2013
- Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases associated with low vitamin D – meta-analysis June 2013
- Hip fractures greatly reduced by sunshine, vitamin D, and vitamin K – meta-analysis Sept 2012
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Risk of PD if deficient (<20 ng)
Background: Vitamin D is an important secosteroid which is involved the development and regulation of brain activity. Several studies have focused on exploring the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the conclusion remains ambiguous.
Methods: We searched observational studies that explored the association between serum vitamin D levels and PD based on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library from inception through to January 2018. The quality of included studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Statistical analysis of this meta-analysis was performed by Stata version 12.0 and R software.
Results: Twenty studies with a total of 2,866 PD patients and 2,734 controls were included. Compared with controls, PD patients had lower serum vitamin D levels (WMD -3.96, 95%CI -5.00, -2.92), especially in higher latitude regions (WMD -4.20, 95%CI -5.66, -2.75). Assay methods contributed significantly to high heterogeneity.
Furthermore, PD patients with deficient vitamin D levels had advanced risk (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.35, 3.19) than those patients with insufficient ones (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.48, 2.03).
In addition, serum vitamin D levels were also related to the severity of PD (WMD -5.27, 95%CI -8.14, -2.39) and the summary correlation coefficient showed strongly negative correlation (r = -0.55, 95%CI -0.73, -0.29).
Moreover, the pooled correlation coefficient revealed that serum vitamin D levels were also negatively correlated to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) (r = -0.36, 95%CI -0.53, -0.16), but did not correlate with the duration of PD (P = 0.37) and age of patients (P = 0.49).
Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels are inversely associated with the risk and severity of PD. Our results provided an updated evidence of association between low vitamin D levels and PD and prompt the adjunctive therapeutic decisions about vitamin D replacement in PD.