Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Steroids, 108615 2020 Feb 22, DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108615
Asadollah Mohammadi 1, Asaad Azarnezhad 1, Hashem Khanbabaei 2, Esmael Izadpanah 3, Rasoul Abdollahzadeh 4, George E Barreto 5, Amirhossein Sahebkar 6
The articles in both of the categories MS and Vitamin D Receptor are:
- Poor Vitamin D Receptor increases the risk of Multiple Sclerosis in people of European descent – Feb 2024
- Multiple Sclerosis 2X-3X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Meta-analysis Feb 2020
- Risk of Multiple Sclerosis varies with the Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Dec 2019
- Multiple Sclerosis and Vitamin D Receptor super enhancers – March 2019
- Vitamin D genes increase MS relapses in children by 2X – May 2019
- Immunological effects of vitamin D and their relations to autoimmunity – March 2019
- Inflammation and immune responses to Vitamin D (perhaps need to measure active vitamin D) – July 2017
- Multiple Sclerosis more likely if poor vitamin D genes - 22nd study – Aug 2017
- Multiple sclerosis (relapsing-remitting) increases activation of Vitamin D Receptor by 6.6 X – March 2017
- Multiple Sclerosis is more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (4X Mexico, 3X Iran)– Feb 2017
- Multiple Sclerosis much more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – several studies
- Multiple Sclerosis and the Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis July 2014
- Overview MS and vitamin D
- An opportunity - use Vitamin D to treat Multiple Sclerosis (has been used for 14 years) - Feb 2022
- Multiple Sclerosis treated when use high doses of vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2018
- Multiple Sclerosis: 10 percent fewer relapses for each 10 ng higher level of vitamin D – Meta-analysis April 2020
- Multiple Sclerosis: number needed to treat with vitamin D may be as low as 1.3 – Meta-analysis Oct 2013
- Multiple Sclerosis more likely if poor vitamin D genes - 22nd study – Aug 2017
- Multiple Sclerosis relapses cut in half by 100,000 IU of Vitamin D every 2 weeks– RCT 2019
UV and Sunshine reduces MS risk
- Multiple Sclerosis 2X more likely if low winter UV – June 2018
- Multiple Sclerosis half as likely if get plenty of sunshine (not a news item) – March 2018
Other things also help
- Multiple Sclerosis treated by 50,000 IU Vitamin D bi-weekly plus Omega-3 – RCT July 2018
- Multiple Sclerosis 40 percent less likely if consume tinned fish (Vitamin D and Omega-3) – Sept 2019
- Resveratrol treats Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases – many studies
- Not a single case of multiple sclerosis in 15,000,000 people (plant-based diets)
High Dose Vitamin D and cofactors
- Coimbra protocol using high-dose Vitamin D is safe – April 2022
- The use of high dose Vitamin D (Coimbra Protocol) for multiple sclerosis in Germany – 2019
- Comparing High-dose vitamin D therapies MS and other health problems
Number of MS studies which are also in other categories
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22 studies in Genetics - genes can restrict Vitamin D getting to the blood and to the cells 12 studies in Vitamin D Receptor - gene which restricts D from getting to the cells 7 studies in Vitamin D Binding Protein - gene which restricts D from getting to the cells 21 studies in Ultraviolet light - may be even better than Vitamin D in preventing and treating MS 9 studies in Omega-3 - which helps Vitamin D prevent and treat MS  Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via VitaminDWiki
There are conflicting results regarding the exact effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of four major studied VDR gene polymorphisms consisting of ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI on the risk of MS in the Iranian population. A literature search was performed in various databases to find case-control studies evaluating the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and MS risk in Iran. Data were extracted and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analyze was performed to detect potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of 1206 cases and 1402 controls in nine case-control studies were included. ApaI was the only variant which showed statistically significant relation in
- allelic (OR=0.54 (95% CI: 0.37-0.79); P=0.00),
- homozygote (OR=3.48 (95% CI: 1.7-6.9); P=0.00),
- dominant (OR=0.56 (95% CI: 0.3-0.79); P=0.01), and
- recessive (OR=0.35 (95% CI: 0.18-0.66); P=0.00) models.
The TaqI polymorphism showed a significant negative association with MS only in the homozygote model
- (OR= 0.28 (95% CI: 0.08-0.9); P=0.04).
The BsmI polymorphism also showed significant relation in
- allelic (OR= 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51-0.94); P=0.01),
- homozygote (OR= 0.46 (95% CI: 0.25-0.86); P=0.01), and
- recessive OR= 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39-0.8); P=0.00) models after performing sensitivity analysis.
FokI polymorphism showed no significant association with MS risk. ApaI and TaqI TT genotype were found contributing to MS susceptibility and BsmI and FokI showed no relation with MS susceptibility in the Iranian population.
Similar conclusion (1.8X) in a paper published Feb 2021__
__Association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2021 Feb 1;31(2):40-47. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000420.
Bárbara Cancela Díez 1, Cristina Pérez-Ramírez 2, María Del Mar Maldonado-Montoro 3, María Isabel Carrasco-Campos 1, Almudena Sánchez Martín 1, Laura Elena Pineda Lancheros 1, Fernando Martínez-Martínez 4, Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández 2, María Carmen Ramírez-Tortosa 5, Alberto Jiménez-Morales 1Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative chronic inflammatory. Mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene can substantially affect serum vitamin D levels or alter its functionality, and can consequently increase susceptibility to developing MS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the VDR gene and risk of MS in a (Spanish) Caucasian population.
Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study comprising 209 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 836 controls of Caucasian origin from southern Spain. The ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), Cdx2 (rs11568820), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236) gene polymorphisms were determined by allelic discrimination real-time PCR using TaqMan probes.
Results: The recessive logical regression model, adjusted for age and sex, revealed that the TT genotype for VDR FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism was associated with higher risk of MS (P = 0.0150; OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.12-2.94; TT vs. CT + CC). No association between the other polymorphisms and development of MS was found in any of the models analyzed. The haplotype analysis, adjusted for age, smoking, and sex, did not find any statistically significant association between the haplotypes analyzed and risk of MS.
Conclusions: The VDR FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism was significantly associated with developing MS. We found no influence of the ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), Cdx2 (rs11568820), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236) gene polymorphisms on the risk of developing MS in our patients.
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