Global Perspective of the Vitamin D Status of African-Caribbean Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2021)
Rebecca M. Vearing, Kathryn H. Hart, Andrea L. Darling, Yasmine Probst, Aminat S. Olayinka, Jeewaka Mendis, Helena Ribeiro, Siddhartha Thakur, Marcela Mendes, Karen Charlton & Susan A. Lanham-New
Note: Approximately half of a population will have vitamin D levels less than the dot
Analysis does not appear to include Cuba, Hati, Dominican Republic, etc.
Deficiency of Vitamin D category starts with the following
- Overview Deficiency of vitamin D
- Many reasons why vitamin D deficiency has become epidemic
- 23 of the 40 reasons are recent
- Many doctors continue to believe 2,000 IU of vitamin D is max (Hungary in this case)– Dec 2021
- 73 percent of US infants still do not even get 400 IU of Vitamin D - June 2020
- Vitamin D levels are dropping rapidly – what you need to do
- 4 Reasons why Vitamin D levels are crashing
- Update Reasons for Low Vitamin D and what to do with a concise table
- Air Pollution reduces Vitamin D
- Vitamin D levels in 56 countries (many have less than 20 ng) – 2021
- Trends in vitamin D status around the world – Nov 2021
- Vitamin deficiency in US military – Vitamin D is the most prevalent and is growing rapidly – June 2021
- Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies 77 studies as of Feb 2024
- Low Vitamin D is worse for your health than smoking
- Many categories of people are at High Risk of low vitamin D -
64 studies - 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Diseases arising from depletion are cured by repletion - Hippocrates 400 BC
Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D contains the following summary
FACT - - People with dark skins have more health problems and higher mortality rate than those with light skins
Dark Skin studies: Pregnancy (
FACT - - People with dark skins have low levels of vitamin D
FACT - - People with light skins who have low vitamin D have health problems
OBSERVATION - - The health problems of whites with low level of vitamin D are similar to those with dark skins
CONCLUSION - - People with dark skins have more health problems due to low levels of vitamin D
African American Health Disparities are associated with low Vitamin D - Grant Feb 2021
Low Vitamin D increases health problems - independent of skin color28 studies), Genetics ( 13 studies), Vitamin D Binding Protein ( 8 studies), Vitamin D Receptor ( 7 studies), Diabetes ( 24 studies), Cardiovascular ( 18 studies), Mortality ( 12 studies), Intervention ( 16 studies) Click here to see the studies Is 50 ng of vitamin D too high, just right, or not enough
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Background/Objectives
Vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, particularly in minority ethnic groups. This review investigates the vitamin D status (as measured by 25(OH)D and dietary intake) of the African-Caribbean population globally.Subjects/Methods
A systematic review was conducted by searching key databases (PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus) from inception until October 2019. Search terms included ‘Vitamin D status’ and ‘African-Caribbean’. A random effects and fixed effects meta-analysis was performed by combining means and standard error of the mean.Result
The search yielded 19 papers that included n = 5670 African-Caribbean participants from six countries. A meta-analysis found this population to have sufficient (>50 nmol/L) 25(OH)D levels at 67.8 nmol/L, 95% CI (57.9, 7.6) but poor dietary intake of vitamin D at only 3.0 µg/day, 95% CI (1.67,4.31). For those living at low latitudes ‘insufficient’ (as defined by study authors) 25(OH)D levels were found only in participants with type 2 diabetes and in those undergoing haemodialysis. Suboptimal dietary vitamin D intake (according to the UK recommended nutrient intake of 10 µg/day) was reported in all studies at high latitudes. Studies at lower latitudes, with lower recommended dietary intakes (Caribbean recommended dietary intake: 2.5 µg/day) found ‘sufficient’ intake in two out of three studies.Conclusions
25(OH)D sufficiency was found in African-Caribbean populations at lower latitudes. However, at higher latitudes, 25(OH)D deficiency and low dietary vitamin D intake was prevalent.Printer Friendly Follow this page for updates3032 visitors, last modified 19 Jul, 2021,