Infections and low vitamin D

VitaminDWiki

Fact Many infections are associated with low vitamin D

Fact Many infections are treated by Vitamin D

Fact Many infections are prevented by higher levels of Vitamin D

Apparently Low vitamin D levels are both a cause and a result of severe infections
Unknown Can Vitamin D treat and prevent Deep Neck Infections?
Unknown Does the Vitamin D Receptor or other genes limit vitamin D from getting to deep neck tissues


Immunity category which starts with

262 items in Immunity category

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Virus category listing has 1336 items along with related searches

Overview Influenza and vitamin D
Vitamin D helps both the innate and adaptive immune systems fight COVID-19 – Jan 2022
Vitamin D aids the clearing out of old cells (autophagy) – many studies
600,000 IU of Vitamin D (total) allowed previously weak immune systems to fight off a virus antigen - Nov 2020
Search for treg OR "t-cell" in VitaminDWiki 1440 items as of Jan 2020
141 VitaminDWiki pages contained "infection" in title (June 2021)
Search VitaminDWik for BACTERIA in title 25 items as of Aug 2019
Vitamin D and the Immune System – chapter Aug 2019
7X less risk of influenza if Vitamin D levels higher than 30 ng – Oct 2017
Common cold prevented and treated by Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea – review April 2018
Vitamin D improves T Cell immunity – RCT Feb 2016
Immune system - great 11-minute animated video - Aug 2021
   Only the brain is more complex, nothing about Vitamin D

18 titles in VitaminDWiki contained INNATE or ADAPTIVE as of Jan 2023
Increasing publications on vitamin D and Infection
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47 studies are in both Immunity and Virus categories

204 Vitamin D pages contained "infection" in title (March 2024)

Items found: 204
Title Modified
Vitamin D and Zinc are crucial for the immune system (viral infection, etc.) – March 2024 08 Mar, 2024
Vitamin D: Viral infections, Infectious diseases, EBV and MS, Virus and Cancers – Grant March 2024 03 Mar, 2024
COVID infection (without hospitalization) – 1.7X more likely to die in 6 months if low Vitamin D – March 2024 29 Feb, 2024
5 X less COVID infection of health care workers who took lots of vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2024 28 Feb, 2024
Surgical Site Infection (Cesarean) twice as likely if low Vitamin D - Jan 2024 03 Feb, 2024
COVID infections and vaccinations decrease Vitamin D – many studies 15 Jan, 2024
An activated Vitamin D Receptor fights Autoimmune Diseases, Infections, Cancers, etc. – Dec 2023 13 Jan, 2024
An eye infection (non-infectious uveitis) 2X more likely if low vitamin D a year before – Meta-analysis Dec 2023 07 Dec, 2023
COVID infections or vaccinations may increase Multiple Sclerosis (if low D) - several studies 23 Nov, 2023
Infections in children reduced a bit by 2,000 IU of vitamin D - meta-analysis July 2023 08 Oct, 2023
Respiratory infection, children and Vitamin D - many studies 08 Oct, 2023
Preemies with pneumonia infection have especially low vitamin D levels (12 ng) – May 2023 08 Oct, 2023
Acute respiratory tract infections not reduced by Vitamin D if already have a good level – Jan 2021 30 Sep, 2023
Mask studies for viral infection: 104 studies: ineffective, 61 studies: harmful - Sept 2023 17 Sep, 2023
Politics says put your masks back on, Science says masks may INCREASE COVID infection - Aug 2023 26 Aug, 2023
Influenza, pneumonia, or ear infections almost 2X more likely if low vitamin D - Jan 2023 24 Aug, 2023
Respiratory infections in children 6 X more likely if low Vitamin D (avg of 2 studies) - Aug 2023 22 Aug, 2023
Many Chronic Health Diseases and Infections can controlled by 40 ng of Vitamin D – Aug 2023 18 Aug, 2023
Athletes who had been COVID infected had lower Vitamin D levels – July 2023 29 Jul, 2023
Respiratory infections reduced by 63 percent with 4000 IU vitamin D daily - RCT Dec 2012 17 Jul, 2023
Bladder infection and Vitamin D - many studies 17 May, 2023
Cost-effective to give Vitamin D to all children to prevent acute respiratory infection – April 2023 09 Apr, 2023
infections etc. quickly consume Vitamin D - Feb 2023 02 Feb, 2023
2nd COVID infection increases the risk of Long-COVID - 2022 22 Jan, 2023
More COVID vaccinations, more infections - Cleveland Clinic - Dec 2022 05 Jan, 2023
Helicobacter pylori infection and low vitamin D – several studies 26 Dec, 2022
Fight infections such as COVID with 50 ng of Vitamin D – Sunil Dec 2022 19 Dec, 2022
Vitamin D should reduce hospital-acquired infections – Grant Dec 2012 10 Dec, 2022
Respiratory viral infection (RSV) and low vitamin D - many studies 18 Nov, 2022
Vitamin D, immune System, Infection, and COVID- Video Oct 2022 12 Nov, 2022
PICU layoffs due to pandemic lulls, but children are now getting 3 years of viral infection all at once – Oct 2022 31 Oct, 2022
Long-COVID symptoms in 10 Percent of women 3 months after infection (22 countries) – Oct 2022 29 Oct, 2022
10,000 COVID infections: Hospitalization 2.4X more likely if low vitamin D - Oct 2022 28 Oct, 2022
Influenza infection 5X less likely if got vitamin D – small RCT Feb 2022 23 Oct, 2022
Superbug (Clostridium difficile) Infections strongly associated with low vitamin D - many studies 21 Oct, 2022
COVID infection might prevent infection better than vaccinations - transcript and many studies 11 Oct, 2022
Yeast Infection and Vitamin D - many studies 27 Sep, 2022
Cod liver oil does not prevent Respiratory Infections (no surprise, only 400 IU of vitamin D) RCT – Sept 2022 08 Sep, 2022
Many viral infections can be fought by Vitamin D (Astronaut’s in this case)– Aug 2022 31 Aug, 2022
Male urinary tract infection 2.4X more likely if obese (low vitamin D) – Dec 2012 31 Aug, 2022
Infection and vitamin D studies – huge increase in publications (then COVID hit) – Aug 2022 22 Aug, 2022
LONG-COVID may be permanent in 1 in 200 of people infected – July 2022 06 Aug, 2022
The Sun is the best remedy for Your Lungs (Infection, Asthma and COPD) - video June 2022 27 Jun, 2022
2 Vaccinations provided no protection against Omicron infection 6 months later – New England J. of Medicine – June 2022 25 Jun, 2022
2.4 X fewer lower respiratory track infections in infants getting 400 IU of Vitamin D – May 2022 24 May, 2022
Forecast of 100 million more US COVID infections in fall and winter - May 2022 23 May, 2022
High altitudes reduce the COVID-19 infection (not a surprise) – April 2022 11 Apr, 2022
Brain scans noticed changes in most elderly after COVID infection – March 2022 14 Mar, 2022
Only a single supplement taken before infection decreased COVID severity (vitamin D) – Feb 2022 03 Mar, 2022
3 years after congenital virus infection there was a 12X increase in infant deaths (Zika, Brazil) - Feb 2022 27 Feb, 2022
Small doses of vitamin D do not reduce risk of Acute Respiratory Infection - meta-analysis Feb 2022 15 Feb, 2022
Most of the World’s Vaccines Likely Won’t Prevent Infection From Omicron - NYT Dec 19, 2021 19 Dec, 2021
The more COVID vaccine jabs, the more Omicron infections - Dec 16, 2021 17 Dec, 2021
Some COVID-19 infection become COVID Long-Haul - Nov 2020 15 Dec, 2021
Vitamin D fights some viral infections – Jan 2019 14 Dec, 2021
Vaccinated have HIGHER infection rates than unvaxxed (UK age 30-70) - Dec 9, 2021 10 Dec, 2021
COVID-19 infection risk 2X higher in vaccinated than previously infected (28,000 in Netherlands) – preprint Nov 24, 2021 02 Dec, 2021
3.3 X more likely to die if infected with SARS-Cov-2 plus a second pathogen – meta-analysis May 2021 17 Nov, 2021
COVID-19 Infection Rate Skyrockets in America’s Most Vaccinated State: Vermont - Nov 14, 2021 14 Nov, 2021
Nursing home vaccinated against Influenza, 800 IU of vitamin D daily cut infection rate in half – small RCT Oct 2021 04 Nov, 2021
After HIV infection, Vitamin D levels drop for years (not a surprise)– Oct 2021 26 Oct, 2021
Viral respiratory infections reduced by both Vitamin D and Zinc – meta-analysis -Oct 2021 11 Oct, 2021
Enveloped virus infection (RSV, coronavirus, HIV, etc.) 1.5X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Dec 2018 02 Oct, 2021
Acute viral respiratory infections (RTI) reduced by Vitamin D - 20 reviews - Aug 2020 24 Sep, 2021
Respiratory Tract Infections during cold weather – similar rates for low and very low vitamin D – Sept 2021 24 Sep, 2021
Urinary tract infection 5.4X more likely in girls if low Vitamin D – July 2021 12 Aug, 2021
8 of 10 pediatric COVID-19 infections were Vitamin D deficient (49 patients) – May 2021 08 Aug, 2021
Vitamin D for infections and COVID (50,000 IU weekly for 3 months) – July 2021 02 Aug, 2021
Chronic Hepatitis D viral infection 3.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – July 2021 24 Jul, 2021
Similar number of US deaths were associated with vaccinations as COVID-19 infections in the previous week– July 12, 2021 19 Jul, 2021
Infant Respiratory Infections not reduced by mothers taking small amount of vitamin D (28,000 weekly)– RCT July 2021 03 Jul, 2021
Bacterial infections reduced by Vitamin D without antibiotics – Oct 2019 24 Jun, 2021
Vitamin D may reduce Respiratory Tract Infections and the use of antibiotics – March 2021 24 Jun, 2021
Infections and low vitamin D 24 Jun, 2021
Little risk of infection after surgery if have more than 50 ng of vitamin D - 2014 30 May, 2021
Growing consensus: COVID-19 symptoms are due to infected blood vessels - April 2021 02 May, 2021
COVID-19 lung infection upsets Vitamin D genes (so more or different form of Vit D is required) - Dec 22, 2020 26 Apr, 2021
Vitamin D reduces Respiratory Tract Infections and reduces use of antibiotics – March 2021 15 Apr, 2021
Less COVID-19 infection, mortality in countries with higher Vitamin D (Asia in this case) – May 2021 07 Apr, 2021
Small vitamin D doses provide small benefits for acute respiratory infections – Meta-analysis March 2021 31 Mar, 2021
How much vitamin D is needed ( perhaps 50 ng for infections) 08 Mar, 2021
Vitamin D reduces viral respiratory infections – editorial April 18, 2020 02 Mar, 2021
Meningitis and other brain infections should be prevented by Vitamin D – June 2014 25 Feb, 2021
Long-haul fatigue, etc. common after viral infections (SARS1,2, MERS, Swine, 1918,...) 21 Feb, 2021
Vitamin D Help Us Fight Infections - interview of Dr. Thakkar (transcript) Jan 20, 2021 24 Jan, 2021
Respiratory Tract Infection risk reduced 2X by Vitamin D loading doses – meta-analysis Jan 2021 22 Jan, 2021
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in adults reduced by just 400 IU of vitamin D – RCT Dec 2020 12 Dec, 2020
19X fewer COVID-19 infections if innate immune system activated – trial Oct 21, 2020 21 Nov, 2020
20,000 COVID-19 infections at Amazon (far less than US average of 34,000) – Oct 1, 2020 02 Oct, 2020
Sleep Apnea patients are 5X more likely to have a COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization - Sept 28, 2020 29 Sep, 2020
Vaccination increased risk of getting (previous) Coronavirus infection by 1.36 X – Dept. of Defense Oct 2019 23 Sep, 2020
Low vitamin D with HIV increases risk of infections – TB by 3.5X, CMV by 10.1X – Aug 2020 14 Aug, 2020
Zinc, respiratory tract infections and COVID-19 – July 2020 07 Jun, 2020
Vitamin D Supplements Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infection and Death - April 9, 2020 07 Apr, 2020
Immunity against infection: letter sent to the editor of The Times UK - April 6, 2020 06 Apr, 2020
Viral infection wheezing 24X more likely if less than 15 ng of Vitamin D – Dec 2019 04 Apr, 2020
COVID-19 infections associated with very low vitamin D – Turin Italy – March, 2020 30 Mar, 2020
Vitamin D supplementation could prevent and treat influenza, CORONAVIRUS, and pneumonia infections - March 2020 30 Mar, 2020
COVID19 model of infections and deaths made for China applied to Italy – March 15, 2020 23 Mar, 2020
Risk of enveloped virus infection is increased 50 percent if poor Vitamin D Receptor - meta-analysis Dec 2018 10 Mar, 2020
China Coronavirus update -64 percent of healthcare workers infected, etc, – JAMA Feb 24, 2020 08 Mar, 2020
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants reduced 5.9 X by daily 600 IU of vitamin D (China) - March 2020 07 Mar, 2020
Four of the 7 types of human Coronavirus only cause mild respiratory infections 04 Feb, 2020
More postpartum infections if low vitamin D (in winter) - Dec 2019 19 Dec, 2019
Surgical Site Infection 4X more likely if low vitamin D – Aug 2019 20 Aug, 2019
Ear infections in children 3X more likely if poor vitamin D binding protein – July 2018 19 Jun, 2019
10 percent of all women had after-birth infections – majority had low vitamin D (PhD) – 2019 18 May, 2019
Half as much chronic kidney disease infection if supplement with Vitamin D – 2018 15 Mar, 2019
Urinary Tract Infection in children 4.8 X more likely if low Vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2019 02 Mar, 2019
Urinary Tract Infection in infants 5.6 X MORE likely if low Vitamin D, 3.3 X LESS likely if supplement – July 2016 02 Mar, 2019
Candida infections in PICU reduced by Vitamin D in yogurt – RCT Feb 2019 20 Feb, 2019
The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections – Jan 2019 17 Feb, 2019
Upper respiratory infection associated with poor Vitamin D Receptor – Oct 2018 16 Feb, 2019
Respiratory infections reduced only 20 percent by Vitamin D (ignored dose size, duration, type, etc) – meta-analysis Jan 2019 25 Jan, 2019
Vitamin D does not prevent all viral infections (enveloped virus not mentioned) – Jan 2019 12 Jan, 2019
Upper respiratory infection 15 percent more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor– Oct 2018 09 Dec, 2018
Low vitamin D at ICU admission is associated with cancer, infections, acute respiratory insufficiency and liver failure – Oct 2018 27 Oct, 2018
Fewer white blood cells needed to deal with infection when higher levels of vitamin D – Aug 2017 10 Oct, 2018
Middle ear infection (Otitis Media) and Vitamin D – many studies 04 Aug, 2018
Dialysis patients who added Vitamin D were 41 percent less likely to get infection – Meta-analysis July 2018 31 Jul, 2018
African-American infants had more skin infections at 6 months – Jan 2018 21 Jul, 2018
Infection in first six months of life: White 69 percent, Black, 78 percent – Jan 2018 21 Jul, 2018
Wound dressing will have Vitamin D - should reduce infections - July 2018 10 Jul, 2018
Sudden kidney infection in children was 9X more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor – July 2018 06 Jul, 2018
Hospital Acquired Infection, Mortality, Critically Ill and Vitamin D - 2017 17 Feb, 2018
Respiratory Tract Infections in children 7.4 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – 2008 11 Feb, 2018
Vitamin D might reduce suture infection when time-released from nano-structure suture – Nov 2017 26 Nov, 2017
Respiratory infection in infant was 7 X more likely if low cord Vitamin D – March 2017 28 Sep, 2017
Palliative cancer benefit of 4,000 IU of Vitamin D – less opioids, infection, and CRP – Aug 2017 01 Sep, 2017
Infant infection reduced by half with vitamin D supplementation – RCT May 2016 26 Aug, 2017
Acute respiratory tract infections prevented by vitamin D (even when ignoring the dose size – Meta-analysis Feb 2017 09 Aug, 2017
Having less than 15 ng of vitamin D increased risk of hospitalization with infection by 2.8 times – April 2016 09 Jun, 2017
Vitamin D's potential to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections – May 2012 06 Jun, 2017
Recurrent urinary tract infection 4X more likely if low vitamin D – Aug 2013 06 Mar, 2017
Fewer respiratory infections if optimal level of vitamin D (more than 47 ng) – Sept 2013 03 Mar, 2017
Herpes virus infection while pregnant increases Autism risk by 2 X (Vitamin D not mentioned) – Feb 2017 02 Mar, 2017
Helicobacter pylori infection protection by the body’s increasing Vitamin D receptors – Nov 2013 27 Feb, 2017
Vitamin D prevents infections – Nov 2012 01 Feb, 2017
How to reduce hospital infections with vitamin D – April 2012 01 Feb, 2017
Respiratory tract infection eliminated in 36 percent of people by 4000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT Sept 2015 13 Jan, 2017
Women resist infections better, but have more autoimmune diseases – Vitamin D- Dec 2016 22 Dec, 2016
Monthly 100,000 IU of vitamin D decreased respiratory infection but increased falls – Nov 2016 10 Dec, 2016
Respirator track infections reduced when raise Vitamin D levels above 30 ng – March 2016 19 Oct, 2016
Vaginal Vitamin D reduced vaginal infections - Jan 2014 26 Sep, 2016
Vaginal suppository of 6300 IU vitamin D stopped vaginal infection – Feb 2011 18 Sep, 2016
Locally Transmitted Zika Virus Infects 41 in Singapore – Aug 28, 2016 16 Sep, 2016
Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children - associated with low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2014 16 Sep, 2016
Zika US outbreak: 20,000 infected including 1,500 pregnant women – Sept 2016 13 Sep, 2016
Hypothesis – Multiple Sclerosis risk increases with low UV, viral infections, and antibiotics in childhood – March 2015 31 Aug, 2016
Zika infection lasts 5 times longer when some monkeys are pregnant – what about pregnant women – June 2016 21 Aug, 2016
Zika in Florida – 1 local infection, 11 new reported in one day, 263 for the year - July 20, 2016 09 Aug, 2016
Risk of local Zika infections – model with global map – April 2016 07 Aug, 2016
Zika Virus Infects Human Placental Macrophages – May 2016 05 Aug, 2016
Infection fighting ability increased with 5,000 IU Vitamin D daily – April 2015 10 Jul, 2016
Urinary tract infection in children strongly associated with low vitamin D – Feb 2015 05 Jul, 2016
Hypothesis – Vitamin D help MicroRNAs reduce Virus Infection – April 2016 29 Jun, 2016
Zika study of microcephaly following symptoms of infection in Columbia – NEJM June 2016 17 Jun, 2016
Of US pregnant women who were tested for Zika, 279 were positive – how many are actually infected - May 2016 17 Jun, 2016
Infections, vitamin D and genes – detailed review – Feb 2014 12 Jun, 2016
Zika virus infection and pregnancy – not much can be done – April 2016 30 May, 2016
Infections infographic 27 May, 2016
Dengue virus infection treated by (active) Vitamin D in the lab – April 2012 20 May, 2016
Lower respiratory tract infections in children associated with Low Vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2016 15 May, 2016
Acute respiratory infection treated by vitamin D in 6 of 12 clinical trials – review Nov 2012 15 May, 2016
Respiratory tract infections in childhood – vitamin D is needed, no consensus of how much – Oct 2015 15 May, 2016
Dengue Antibodies appear to enhance Zika Infection – April 2016 01 May, 2016
Hypothesis: Leishmania parasitic infection can be reduced by Vitamin D – May 2015 14 Feb, 2016
Staph infections with eczema reduced with 2,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Oct 2015 13 Feb, 2016
Staph infection reduced 50 percent when have more than 30 ng of vitamin D – Aug 2011 13 Feb, 2016
100X reduced chance of visitors getting Zika infection 08 Feb, 2016
Acute respiratory infection worsened by too infrequent vitamin D supplementation – RCT June 2015 17 Dec, 2015
Cirrhosis infection and death both associated with low vitamin D – June 2015 19 Nov, 2015
1.5X increased infection, sepsis, and death if in ICU with low vitamin D - Meta-analysis Dec 2014 20 Oct, 2015
Respiratory infections (RTI) cut in half by 20,000 IU weekly vitamin D if initially deficient – RCT March 2015 18 Apr, 2015
Respiratory Infection associated with vitamin D less than 40 ng – March 2015 18 Apr, 2015
Low dose Vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy results in strange acute respiratory infection response – April 2015 24 Mar, 2015
Vitamin D and Respiratory Tract Infections – meta-analysis with charts June 2013 24 Mar, 2015
Acute lower respiratory infection 5X more frequent with low vitamin D intake – June 2012 20 Mar, 2015
Newborn acute lower respiratory tract infection associated with low maternal vitamin D – March 2015 20 Mar, 2015
Reduced viral respiratory tract infections by half by having more than 38 ng of vitamin D – June 2010 29 Oct, 2014
Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children: 13 of 18 studies found associations with low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2014 23 Oct, 2014
Viral infection reduced 90 percent with 2000 IU of vitamin D – Dec 2010 18 Oct, 2014
Respiratory Tract Infection visits 2.5 less likely with vitamin D: Pregnancy 2000 IU, Infant 800 IU – RCT Oct 2014 04 Oct, 2014
Inflammation, infection, active vitamin D, and Olmesartan - Sept 2014 03 Oct, 2014
Infection panacea – vitamin D increases Cathelicidins – March 2014 26 Sep, 2014
The role of vitamin D in prevention and treatment of infection – Aug 2013 26 Sep, 2014
Joint replacement infection associated with low vitamin D – April 2014 02 Aug, 2014
Far fewer lower respiratory tract infections at 36 months if good vitamin D during pregnancy – Nov 2013 18 Jul, 2014
Respiratory viral infections might be prevented by vitamin D supplementation in those with low vitamin D – Sept 2014 18 Jul, 2014
Infection panacia – vitamin D increases Cathelicidins – March 2014 08 Apr, 2014
Hospital-Acquired Infections 3X more likely after Gastric Bypass if less than 30 ng vitamin D – Feb 2014 27 Feb, 2014
2X more childhood diarrhea or ear infection if less than 20 ng of vitamin D – Jan 2013 13 Feb, 2014
Upper respiratory tract infection 2X more likely if vitamin D less than 30 ng – Aug 2013 12 Feb, 2014
Vitamin D reduces respiratory tract infections by 40 percent– meta-analysis Dec 2012 28 Oct, 2013
Vitamin D reduced bacterial infection in cows – RCT Sept 2013 11 Oct, 2013
Additional 4 ng of vitamin D reduced chance of infection by 7 percent – June 2011 10 Oct, 2013
ICU Acinetobacter baumannii infection (Iraqibacter) is 2.5X more likely if low vitamin D – Oct 2013 21 Sep, 2013
2X more likely to get hospital infection if low vitamin D (10 ng) when enter – Oct 2013 21 Sep, 2013
Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections - Wikipedia June 2013 29 Jun, 2013
Largest cause of infant deaths is respiratory infections, which is associated with low vitamin D – April 2011 23 Jun, 2013
Many infant infections avoided with supplementation with 400 IU of vitamin D – Oct 2012 23 May, 2013
Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected and un-infected women in the US – April 2011 26 Oct, 2012
Just 300 IU daily of vitamin D reduced respiratory infections by 50% – RCT Aug 2012 25 Aug, 2012
Bacterial infection in cows reduced with vitamin D – Oct 2011 07 Feb, 2012

Are Vitamin D Levels Associated With Risk of Deep Neck Infection? - Sept 2019

Ear Nose and Throat Journal https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561319865498
Mustafa Sıtkı Gozeler, MD, Muhammed Sedat Sakat, MD, Korhan Kilic, MD, ...
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Deep neck infection (DNI) refers to infections in spaces created by superficial and deep cervical fascia around the muscles and organs in the neck. Vitamin D is highly important for an effective immune system. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) have been identified in immune system cells, and particularly in T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Vitamin D deficiency is thought to result in impaired immune response, decreased leukocyte chemotaxis, and an increased disposition to infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is an underlying occult factor in the development of DNI. Sixty-five patients aged 6 to 90, diagnosed with DNI, and 70 healthy age- and sex-compatible cases were included in the study. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined in each case. 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels above 20 ng/mL were regarded as normal, 12 to 20 ng/mL as insufficient, 5 to 12 ng/mL as deficient, and less than 5 ng/mL as severely deficient.
Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were

  • 10.4 (6.2) ng/mL in the patient group and
  • 15.5 (6.4) ng/mL in the control group (P < .01).

This difference was statistically significant (P < .01). Vitamin D was within normal limits in 9.2% (n = 6) of cases in the study group, insufficient in 29.2% (n = 19), deficient in 35.3% (n = 23), and severely deficient in 26.2% (n = 17). The equivalent values in the control group were 21.4% (n = 15), 48.5% (n = 34), 30% (n = 21), and 0% (n = 0). Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients with DNI compared to the healthy cases; 25(OH)D levels may be a factor in the development of DNI.


Deep neck infections: A single-center analysis of 63 cases - Sept 2017

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep; 22(5): e536–e541, online 2017 Aug 16. doi: 10.4317/medoral.21799
Philipp Kauffmann,corresponding author1 Robert Cordesmeyer,1 Markus Tröltzsch,1 Christian Sömmer,1,2 and Rainer Laskawi3

Background and Purpose
With the use of antibiotic therapy, the incidence of deep neck infections has decreased in recent decades. The aim of this investigation was to review the clinical course and the management of deep neck infections in our department, compare them to the experiences of the common literature and identify predisposing factors for lethal complications.

Material and Methods
In this single-center analysis, 63 patients with deep neck infections were treated surgically. The following clinical data were analyzed and compared: age, gender, laboratory data, spatial manifestation, therapeutic modalities, comorbidities, length of hospitalization and complications.

Results
There was a predominance of male patients (58.7%) and a mean age of 57.9 years. The most common symptoms at diagnosis were sore throat (96.8%) and neck swelling (92.0%). Cardio/pulmonary diseases and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. There was a significantly longer hospital stay for patients with diabetes mellitus. The most common manifestation was a parapharyngeal abscess in 24 patients (38.1%), followed by peri-/retrotonsillar infections in 19 patients (30.2%). In 29 patients, a multiple space infection was observed, with a significantly longer duration of hospitalization and a higher rate of complications. The main life-threatening complication was the development of airway obstruction in 20 patients (31.7%), who all received a tracheostomy. The duration of hospitalization for patients with complications was significantly longer.

Conclusions
Close attention must be paid to the management of patients with deep neck infections, especially patients with diabetes mellitus and cardio/pulmonary diseases or patients with multiple space infections.

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Deep Neck Infection Symptoms - Sept 2017

# of infections with a symptom (not %)
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