High blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia) associated with low vitamin D, c-section – Jan 2015

Correlation of Vitamin D Levels in Term Normotensive and Pre-eclamptic Patients in Labor

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, January 2015
Taru Gupta, Sonika Wahi, Nupur Gupta, Sarika Arora, Sangeeta Gupta, Pushpa Bhatia
ESI Post Graduate Institute Medical Science & Research, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India

VitaminDWiki Summary and references

preeclampticnormotensive
Severe vitamin D deficiency90 %62 %
Vitamin D level 4 ng/ml9 ng/ml
Cesarean section36 %9 %

See also VitaminDWiki

Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D has the following summary

IU Cumulative Benefit Blood level CofactorsCalcium $*/month
200 Better bones for mom
with 600 mg of Calcium		 6 ng/ml increase Not needed No effect $0.10
400 Less Rickets (but not zero with 400 IU)
3X less adolescent Schizophrenia
Fewer child seizures		 20-30 ng/ml Not needed No effect $0.20
2000 2X More likely to get pregnant naturally/IVF
2X Fewer dental problems with pregnancy
8X less diabetes
4X fewer C-sections (>37 ng)
4X less preeclampsia (40 ng vs 10 ng)
5X less child asthma
2X fewer language problems age 5 		42 ng/ml Desirable < 750 mg $1
4000 2X fewer pregnancy complications
2X fewer pre-term births 		49 ng/ml Should have
cofactors		 < 750 mg $3
6000 Probable: larger benefits for above items
Just enough D for breastfed infant
More maternal and infant weight 		Should have
cofactors		 < 750 mg $4

[https://www.vitamindwiki.com/Search+Results?hl=en&oe=UTF-8&ie=UTF-8&btnG=Google+Search&googles.x=0&googles.y=0&q=preeclampsia&domains=vitamindwiki.com&sitesearch=vitamindwiki.com|Preeclampsia] 280 items as of Jan 2015
Preeclampsia rate cut in half by high level of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2014
Overview Dark skin births and Vitamin D study on this page was done in India
Why India's vitamin D deficiency is grim - 40 pages Feb 2014 study on this page was done in India
Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D

See also web
Clinical trials for Preeclampsia with Vitamin D intervention 12 as of Sept 2017
One trial which used 4,000 IU of vitamin D has completed, but not published as of Jan 2015


Objective
To evaluate maternal vitamin D levels in term normotensive and preeclamptic patients in labor and to assess additional factors such as maternal and cord blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, and alkaline phosphatase and associated factors such as BMI, birth weight, and mode of delivery.

Method
This was a case control study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESIC-PGIMSR, New Delhi, India from August 2012–April 2014. A total of 100 patients were divided into two equal groups (control and study groups of 50 each). Control group had women with singleton uncomplicated, term normotensive pregnant women in labor while the study group composed of term preeclamptic women in labor. Blood samples were drawn for vitamin D, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum parathormone levels during first stage of labor, and subsequently, their levels were evaluated in cord blood also.

Results
All the enrolled patients had vitamin D deficiency pointing toward a universal prevalence of this micronutrient deficiency in antenatal patients.
We found more incidence of severe vitamin D deficiency (90 %) in preeclamptic patients as compared to normotensive patients (62 %).
Also preeclamptic group had lower median vitamin D levels (3.9 ng/ml) when compared to normotensive group (9 ng/ml). Similarly, all the neonates were found to be vitamin D deficient as assessed by their cord blood levels. Neonates born to preeclamptic mothers had lower median cord blood vitamin D levels (4.4 ng/ml) when compared to those born to normotensive mothers (7.25 ng/ml). The mean maternal calcium levels followed trends observed in vitamin D levels with preeclamptic patients having consistently lower calcium levels (mean value of 8.50 ± 0.80 mg/dl) when compared to normotensive patients (mean value of 8.89 ± 0.56 mg/dl). Preeclamptic group was found to have more number of patients (58 %) with higher BMI when compared to normotensive group (32 % of patients).
A slightly more incidence (36 %) of low birth weight babies is being born to preeclamptic mothers as compared to normotensive mothers (34 %).
Significantly a more number of patients (36 %) with vitamin D levels below 15 ng/ml underwent cesarean section when compared to only 9 % of patients having vitamin D level above this level.

Conclusion
Preeclampsia is indeed associated with lower vitamin D levels, and its pathophysiology involves vitamin D and calcium metabolism.

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