Postulated Adjuvant Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19
2020 Aug 5;10(3):E80. doi: 10.3390/jpm10030080.
Anderson O Ferreira 1, Hudson C Polonini 1, Eli C F Dijkers 1
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The number of COVID-19 patients is still growing exponentially worldwide due to the high transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therapeutic agents currently under investigation are antiviral drugs, vaccines, and other adjuvants that could relieve symptoms or improve the healing process. In this review, twelve therapeutic agents that could play a role in prophylaxis or improvement of the COVID-19-associated symptoms (as add-on substances) are discussed. Agents were identified based on their known pharmacologic mechanism of action in viral and/or nonviral fields and are postulated to interact with one or more of the seven known mechanisms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus: (i) regulation of the immune system; (ii) virus entrance in the cell; (iii) virus replication; (iv) hyperinflammation; (v) oxidative stress; (vi) thrombosis; and (vii) endotheliitis.
Selected agents were
- immune transfer factor (oligo- and polypeptides from porcine spleen, ultrafiltered at <10 kDa; Imuno TF ®),
- anti-inflammatory natural blend ( Uncaria tomentosa, Endopleura uchi and Haematoccocus pluvialis; Miodesin ®),
- zinc,
- selenium,
- ascorbic acid,
- cholecalciferol,
- ferulic acid,
- spirulina,
- N-acetylcysteine,
- glucosamine sulfate
- potassium hydrochloride,
- trans-resveratrol, and
- maltodextrin-stabilized orthosilicic acid (SiliciuMax ®).
This review gives the scientific background on the hypothesis that these therapeutic agents can act in synergy in the prevention and improvement of COVID-19-associated symptoms.