Vitamin D of 15 ng 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and hypertension rates.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011 Mar;13(3):170-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00408.x. Epub
2010 Dec 22.
Bhandari SK, Pashayan S, Liu IL, Rasgon SA, Kujubu DA, Tom TY, Sim JJ.
From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA;the Department of Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA;the Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA.
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to cardiovascular disease and risk factors including hypertension. The authors sought to determine prevalence rates of hypertension in adults tested for 25-hydroxyvitamin D categorized by their levels and evaluate odds ratios for hypertension at lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared with optimal levels.
A cross-sectional study was conducted January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2006, of patients aged 18?years and older within a large ethnically diverse population. Diagnosis of hypertension was determined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes.
Patients were categorized into quartiles according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: ideal (?40?ng/mL), adequate (30-39?ng/mL), deficient (15-29 ng/mL), and severely deficient (<15?ng/mL). Prevalence rates of hypertension and odds ratios were calculated for each 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartile, adjusting for age, sex, race, and renal insufficiency.
A total of 2722 individuals met the inclusion criteria for the study. The overall prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 24%.
Hypertension rates were 52%, 41%, 27%, and 20% in 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartiles <15?ng/mL, 15 to 29?ng/mL, 30 to 39?ng/mL, and ?40?ng/mL, respectively (P<.001).
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypertension adjusting for age, sex, race, and renal insufficiency were 2.7 (1.4-5.2), 2.0 (1.5-2.6), and 1.3 (1.2-1.6) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <15 ng/mL, 15 to 29 ng/mL, and 30 to 39?ng/mL, respectively, compared with the ?40 ng/mL group.
This study demonstrates increased rates of hypertension in individuals who tested for lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D starting at levels <40 ng/mL. This retrospective analysis raises the question of whether supplementing to optimal vitamin D levels can prevent or improve hypertension.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:170-177. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.PMID: 21366848
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Summary: Rates for various levels of vitamin D
- 15 ng = 2.7X
- 15-30 ng = 2.0X
- 30-40 ng = 1.3X
Brief Summary
52% if <15 ng
41% if 15-29 ng
27% if 30-39 ng
20% if >40 ng
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Note: These doctors all work for an HMO, Kaiser Permanente
VitaminDwiki has noted that HMOs can get a very quick return on investement by providing vitamin D before and after certain medical procedures
There are a lot of other developments concerning HMOs and Vitamin D that are on-going and not yet on the web
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Another vitamin D article by JJ Sim" Vitamin D deficiency and anemia: a cross-sectional study.
Ann Hematol. 2010 May;89(5):447-52. Epub 2009 Oct 20.
Sim JJ, Lac PT, Liu IL, Meguerditchian SO, Kumar VA, Kujubu DA, Rasgon SA.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4700 Sunset Blvd., 2nd Floor Nephrology, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. John.j.sim@kp.org
Vitamin D has been suggested to have an effect on erythropoiesis. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in a population of individuals with vitamin D deficiency compared with those with normal levels in a population of a large integrated healthplan. A cross-sectional analysis in the period 1 January 2004 through 31 December 2006 of subjects with documented concurrent levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hemoglobin were evaluated. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as <30 ng/mL and anemia was defined as a hemoglobin <11 g/dL. A total of 554 subjects were included in the analysis. Anemia was present in 49% of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-deficient subjects compared with 36% with normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (p < 0.01). Odds ratio for anemia in subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency using logistic regressions and controlling for age, gender, and chronic kidney disease was 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.7). 25-hydroxyvitamin D-deficient subjects had a lower mean Hb (11.0 vs. 11.7; p = 0.12 ) and a higher prevalence of erythrocyte stimulating agent use (47% vs. 24%; p < 0.05). This study demonstrates an association of vitamin D deficiency and a greater risk of anemia, lower mean hemoglobin, and higher usage of erythrocyte-stimulating agents. Future randomized studies are warranted to examine whether vitamin D directly affects erythropoiesis. PMID: 19841921 full text on-line
See also VitaminDWiki
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Meta-analysis found hypertension reduced with vitamin D – Dec 2010
- Vitamin D reduced blood pressure in random controlled trials – Nov 2010
- Systolic hypertension 4X more likely if low on vitamin D 14 years before – Nov 2010
- Hypothesis that lack of vitamin D increases blood pressure in blacks – July 2010
- Hypertension and vitamin D many papers
- Does vitamin D deficiency cause hypertension? 2010 with PDF
- Systolic hypertension 4X more likely if low on vitamin D 14 years before – Nov 2010
- 11 ng less vitamin D increases hypertension probability by 14 percent – Nov 2010
- Review of heart failure and vitamin D mechanisms – Jan 2011
- Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease - Systematic review June 2010
- All items in category Hypertension and vitamin D