Highlights
- 75% of rickets cases were those were refugee children,
- 63 % were born in Africa
- 47% Sudanese.
- 85 %were dark-skinned,
- 13 % categorised as intermediate
- 2 % were fair skinned
- mothers who were veiled for cultural and religious reasons, contributed to low vitamin D levels
Incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets among Australian children: an Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit study
Craig F Munns craigm2 at chw.edu.au , Peter J Simm, Christine P Rodda, Sarah P Garnett, Margaret R Zacharin, Leanne M Ward, Janet Geddes, Sarah Cherian, Yvonne Zurynski and Christopher T Cowell, on behalf of the APSU Vitamin D Study Group
Med J Aust 2012; 196 (7): 466-468.
Objective: To determine the incidence of and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency rickets in Australian children.
Design: 18-month questionnaire-based prospective observational study, using Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) data.
Setting: Australian paediatricians and child health workers, January 2006 – July 2007.
Participants: Children aged ? 15 years with vitamin D deficiency rickets (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD] ? 50 nmol/L, and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels [> 229 IU/L] and/or radiological rickets).
Main outcome measures: Incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets. Description of demographics, clinical presentation, identification and further analysis of overrepresented groups, and treatment regimens compared with best-practice guidelines.
Results: We identified 398 children with vitamin D deficiency (55% male; median age, 6.3 years [range, 0.2–15 years]).
The overall incidence in children ? 15 years of age in Australia was 4.9/100 000/year. All had a low 25OHD level (median, 28 nmol/L [range, 5–50 nmol]) and an elevated alkaline phosphatase level (median, 407 IU/L [range, 229–5443 IU/L]), and 48 (12%) were hypocalcaemic.
Ninety-five children had wrist x-rays, of whom 67 (71%) had rachitic changes.
Most (98%) had dark or intermediate skin colour and 18% of girls were partially or completely veiled.
Most children were born in Africa (252; 63%) and 75% of children were refugees.
Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was inversely related to serum vitamin D levels in children < 3 years of age.
Empirical vitamin D treatment was given to 4% of children before diagnosis.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency rickets is a significant problem in Australia among known high-risk groups. Public health campaigns to prevent, identify and treat vitamin D deficiency, especially in high-risk groups, are essential.
Image from PDF attached at the bottom of this page
See also VitaminDWiki
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which is probably not enough to stop rickets (see Turkey, above)Black Sudanese children 350X more likely to have rickets than other Australians – April 201214751 visitors, last modified 19 Oct, 2019, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
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